ܥܠ

on, upon, onto
ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ― šlāmā ˁallāwḵōn ― hello (literally, “peace be upon you”)

ܟܵܣܵܐ ܕܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܦܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܐ. ― kāsā d-ḥalḇā ìlēh ˁal pāṯōrā. ― The glass of milk is on the table.
(by extension) with a hint of
ܓܠܝܼܕܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܓܵܘܙܹ̈ܐ ― glīdtā ˁal gāwzē ― walnut-flavored ice cream (literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)

ܡܲܣܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܬܘܼܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ ― mastā ˁal tūṯē ― strawberry-flavoured yoghurt (literally, “yoghurt on strawberries”)
against
ܪܸܥܝܵܢܵܐ ܥܲܠܘܼܗܝ ܘܪܸܥܝܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܠܘܼܗܝ. ― riˁyānā ˁalūh w-riˁyānā ilūh. ― Opinion against it and reasons for it.

ܓܸܢܝܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܝܼܠܵܢܵܐ. ― ginyā ìwen wā ˁal īlānā. ― I was leaning against the tree.
about, concerning
ܡܬܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܐܸܠܝܼ ܥܲܠ ܡܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ. ― mtūnē lāh ilī ˁal mā wē lēh. ― She told me about what happened.

ܡܡܘܼܠܸܠ ܠܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܫܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܬ݂ܹܗ. ― mmūlil lēh ˁal šaḇrūṯēh. ― He talked about his childhood.

(on): This word is used when something is directly on top of another thing. When something is in general above it, the phrase ܠܥܸܠ ܡ̣ܢ (lˁil min) is used.

Inflection of ܥܲܠ (ˁal)
Base Form			ܥܲܠ (ˁal)
Personal-pronoun including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	ܥܲܠܝܼ (ˁalī)		ܥܲܠܲܢ (ˁallan)
2^nd person	ܥܲܠܘܼܟ݂ (ˁalūḵ)	ܥܲܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁallāḵ)	ܥܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁallāwḵōn)
3^rd person	ܥܲܠܘܼܗܝ (ˁalūh)	ܥܲܠܘܿܗ̇ (ˁallōh)	ܥܲܠܗܘܿܢ (ˁalhōn)