Wiktionary

on

See also: Appendix:Variations of "on"
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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-West Germanic *ana
    Old English on
    Middle English on
    English on

    From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

    Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

    Adjective

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    on (not comparable)

    1. In the state of being active, functioning or operating.
      Antonym: off
      All the lights are on, so they must be home.
    2. Happening; taking place; being or due to be put into action.
      We had to ration our food because there was a war on.
      Some of the cast went down with flu, but the show's still on.
      That TV programme that you wanted to watch is on now.
      This is her last song. You're on next!
      Are we still on for tonight?
      Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It's on now.
      England need a hundred runs, with twenty-five overs remaining. Game on!
      1. (informal) Of a person, used to express agreement to or acceptance of a proposal or challenge made by that person; most commonly with subject "you" (see you're on).
        "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ―"You're on!"
        If he wants a fight, he's on!
    3. Fitted; covering or being worn.
      Your feet will soon warm up once your socks are on.
      I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was still on!
    4. (postpositive) Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
      The photograph shows the UFO side on.
      edge on, side on, end on, face on
    5. (chiefly UK, informal, usually negative) Acceptable, appropriate.
      You can't do that; it's just not on.
      • 1998 May 22, Phoenix Gamma, “If I was owned Nintendo...”, in alt.games.video.nintendo-64 (Usenet):
        This kind of over-packaging of goods is completely not on.
      • 2003 August 12, DAB sounds worse than FM, “Gerg Dyke's Speech at Radio Festival”, in alt.radio.digital (Usenet):
        so Simon Nelson saying on Feedback "we'd prefer it if everybody listened to digital radio via DAB" is completely not on at all.
    6. (often negative) Possible; capable of being successfully carried out.
      He'd like to play the red next to the black spot, but that shot isn't on.
    7. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (informal) Destined; involved, doomed.
    8. (baseball, informal) Having reached a base as a runner and being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
      • 2019 February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, in New Mexico State University Athletics‎[2]:
        With one out and no men on, Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.
      • 2019 April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, in The Stanford Daily‎[3]:
        Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runners on compared to the Bruin's 9-22.
    9. (cricket) Within the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.
      Synonym: leg Antonym: off
      The captain moved two fielders to the on side.
      Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumping on drive.
    10. (snooker, postpositive) Of a ball, being the next in sequence to be potted, according to the rules of the game.
      If the player fails to hit the ball on, it's a foul.
    11. (acting, drama, roleplaying games) Acting in character.
    12. (informal, of a person) Performative or funny in a wearying manner.
      He always has to be on, it's so exhausting.
    13. (euphemistic) Menstruating.
      • 2011, Hollie Smith Netmums, You and Your Tween: Managing the years from 9 to 13, Hachette, →ISBN:
        It still gets in the way of her doing things like swimming, and she avoids sleepovers when she's "on".
    Synonyms
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    • (baseball: positioned at a base): on base (not informal)
    Translations
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    Adverb

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    on (not comparable)

    For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such as carry on, hang on, have on, try on, etc., please see the individual entries.

    1. To an operating state.
      turn the television on
    2. So as to cover or be fitted.
      The lid wasn't screwed on properly.
      Put on your hat and gloves.
    3. Along, forwards (continuing an action).
      drive on, rock on
      • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎[4]:
        He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
    4. In continuation, at length.
      and so on
      He rambled on and on.
    5. (obsolete in the US) Later.
      Ten years on, nothing had changed in the village.
    6. Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance. See also odds-on.
      Antonym: against
      That horse is twenty-to-one on, so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.
    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) of “active, functioning, operating”): off
    • (antonym(s) of “to an operating state”): off
    Translations
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    Preposition

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    A green pepper on (with its position being the upper surface of) a box

    on

    1. Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
      A vase of flowers stood on the table.
      Please lie down on the couch.
      The parrot was sitting on Jim's shoulder.
    2. Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
      He had a scar on the side of his face.
      There is a dirty smudge on this window.
      The painting hangs on the wall.
      The fruit ripened on the trees.
    3. Covering.
      He wore old shoes on his feet.
    4. Expressing figurative placement, burden, or attachment.
      All of the responsibility is on him.
      I put a bet on the winning horse.
    5. Denoting physical contact or interaction with an object, such as impact or application of force.
      1. With verbs describing an action of pushing, pulling, pressing, etc., designates the thing to which force is applied.
        tug on the rope; push hard on the door
      2. With verbs describing an action of hitting, rubbing, scratching, binding against, etc., designates the thing impacted or contacted.
        I stubbed my toe on an old tree stump.
        I caught my fingernail on the door handle.
        The rope snagged on a branch.
      3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
        to play on a violin or piano
    6. At or in (a certain region or location).
      The lighthouse that you can see is on the mainland.
      The suspect is thought to still be on the campus.
      1. Denoting relative position or position within the whole.
        We live on the edge of the city.
        on the left, on the right, on the side, on the bottom
      2. (UK) To be ranked thus.
        The Tories are on twenty-five percent in this constituency.
    7. Near; adjacent to; alongside; just off.
      The fleet is on the American coast.
      Croton-on-Hudson, Rostov-on-Don, Southend-on-Sea
    8. Supported by (the specified part of itself).
      A table can't stand on two legs.
      After resting on his elbows, he stood on his toes, then walked on his heels.
    9. Aboard (a mode of transport, especially public transport, or transport that one sits astride or uses while standing).
      on a bus, on a train, on a plane, on a ferry, on a yacht
      on a bicycle, on a motorbike, on a horse, on a scooter
    10. At the date or day of.
      Born on the 4th of July.
      On Sunday I'm busy. I'll see you on Monday.
      Can I see you on a different day?
    11. (UK, especially in sports reporting) At a given time after the start of something; at.
      Smith scored again on twelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
      • 2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport:
        The Spain striker had given Chelsea the lead on 29 minutes but was shown a straight red card 10 minutes later for a rash challenge on Mark Gower.
    12. Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
      I was reading a book on history.
      The city hosted the World Summit on the Information Society
      I have no opinion on this subject.
      • 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 85:
        [...] I received a note from that gentleman on a most trivial matter. I answered it as trivially.
    13. (informal) In the possession of.
      I haven't got any money on me.
    14. Because of; due to; upon the basis of (something not yet confirmed as true).
      to arrest someone on suspicion of bribery
      to contact someone on a hunch
    15. (also often 'upon') At the time of (and often because of).
      On Jack's entry, William got up to leave.
      On the addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
    16. (also often 'upon') Arrived or coming into the presence of.
      I need to get my planting done, as the season will soon be on us.
      Before we knew it, the forest was on us, and the air grew colder and damper.
    17. Paid for by.
      The drinks are on me tonight, boys.
      The meal is on the house.
      I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room was on the company.
    18. Indicating a means or medium.
      I saw it on television.
      Can't you see I'm on the phone?
      My favorite shows are on BBC America.
      The Beatles' appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show is on YouTube.
      The film was released on DVD.
    19. Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
      They planned an attack on London.
      The soldiers mutinied and turned their guns on their officers.
      Her words made a lasting impression on my mind.
      What will be the effect on morale?
    20. Toward; for; indicating the object of an emotion.
      Have pity or compassion on him.
    22. (especially Ireland) Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
      • 2013 February 27, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Shining Company, Random House, →ISBN:
        ' […] the hunger is on me to carry my sword in distant places.' Mynyddog bowed his head.
      • 2017 January 24, Ruth Gilligan, Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan, Tin House Books, →ISBN:
        “Christ, the thirst on me.” “Sure, it's serious work, all that talk of independence.” The theater's stained-glass doors had first flung open in 1904, all in the hope of “rewriting the Irish identity,” of using culture in the fight […]
      • 2017 August 29, Ralph Peters, Judgment at Appomattox: A Novel, Forge Books, →ISBN, page 18:
        “I've got the hunger on me, I do.” Riordan snorted. Hardly a man knew hunger as he did. The prison rations at Point Lookout, spare enough, had been a feast compared to the black years in Ireland. […]
    23. Indicating the position that one has reached in a sequence.
      I'm on question four.
    24. Indicating a means of subsistence.
      They lived on ten dollars a week.
      The dog survived three weeks on rainwater.
    25. Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
      He's on his lunch break.
      I'm on nights all this week.
      on vacation; on holiday; on a mission; on the job; on the fiddle
    27. Regularly taking (a drug).
      You've been on these antidepressants far too long.
    29. Under the influence of (a drug, or something that is causing drug-like effects).
      He's acting crazy because he's on crack right now.
    30. In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
      heaps on heaps of food
      mischief on mischief; loss on loss
    31. Indicating dependence or reliance.
      I depended on them for assistance.
      He will promise on certain conditions.
    32. Serving as a member of.
      He is on the jury; I am on the committee.
    33. By virtue of; with the pledge of.
      He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honour.
      1. (informal, chiefly in set phrases) Ellipsis of I swear on: on my life, on God, on everything, etc.
    34. To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
      On us be all the blame.
      A curse on him!
      Please don't tell on her and get her in trouble.
      He turned on her and has been her enemy ever since.
      He went all honest on me, making me listen to his confession.
    35. (especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified) Against; in opposition to.
      The fight was three on one, and he never stood a chance.
    36. (philosophy, logic) According to, from the standpoint of; expressing what must follow, whether accepted or not, if a given premise or system is assumed true.
      • 2021, Gavin Ortlund, Why God Makes Sense in a World That Doesn't: The Beauty of Christian Theism, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, →ISBN:
        On naturalism, it is therefore difficult to find a ground for ultimate moral hope.
    37. (snooker) In a position of being able to pot (a given ball).
      All the way around the table, off four cushions, and ... and he's on the black!
    38. (mathematics) Having as identical domain and codomain.
      a function on  
    39. (mathematics) Having   as domain and V as codomain, for the specified set V and some integer n.
      an operator on  
    40. (mathematics) Generated by.
      the free group on four letters
    41. (mathematics, uncommon) Divided by.
      Synonym: over
      Twenty on three.
    42. (obsolete or dialect, regional) Of.
      I never seen 'im, and that's the truth on it.
    43. (obsolete) At the peril of, or for the safety of.
      • a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 415:
        Hence on thy life: the captive maid is mine; / Whom not for price or pray'rs I will reſign: [...]
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Verb

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    on (third-person singular simple present ons, present participle oning or onning, simple past and past participle oned or onned)

    1. (Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Nigeria, transitive, colloquial) To switch on.
      Synonym: turn on
      Can you on the light?

    Etymology 2

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    From Old Norse ón, án (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēno, *ino (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḗnu (“without”). Cognate with North Frisian on (“without”), Middle Dutch an, on (“without”), Middle Low German āne (“without”), German ohne (“without”), Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without, except”).

    Unlikely to be related to Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu, “without”), which likely akin to Proto-Germanic *sundraz instead (whence sunder).

    Alternative forms

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    Preposition

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    on

    1. (UK dialectal, Scotland) Without.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
    Usage notes
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    • Usually followed by a present participle, as being, having, etc.

    Etymology 3

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    From Japanese 音読み (on'yomi, literally “sound reading”).

    Noun

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    on

    1. In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted with kun.
      Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
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    See also

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    • on dit (etymologically unrelated)

    References

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    • “on”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

    Anagrams

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    Azerbaijani

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    Azerbaijani numbers (edit)
    100
     ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
    1
        Cardinal: on
        Ordinal: onuncu

    Etymology

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    From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”).

    Pronunciation

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    Numeral

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    Other scripts
    Cyrillic он
    Abjad اوْن

    on

    1. ten

    References

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    1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ōn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

    Basque

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Basque *bon.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    on (comparative hobe, superlative onen or hoberen, excessive onegi)

    1. good
    2. useful, convenient

    Declension

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    Declension of on (adjective, ending in consonant)
    indefinite singular plural
    absolutive on ona onak
    ergative onek onak onek
    dative oni onari onei
    genitive onen onaren onen
    comitative onekin onarekin onekin
    causative onengatik onarengatik onengatik
    benefactive onentzat onarentzat onentzat
    instrumental onez onaz onez
    inessive anim. onengan onarengan onengan
    inanim. onetan onean onetan
    locative anim. — — —
    inanim. onetako oneko onetako
    allative anim. onengana onarengana onengana
    inanim. onetara onera onetara
    terminative anim. onenganaino onarenganaino onenganaino
    inanim. onetaraino oneraino onetaraino
    directive anim. onenganantz onarenganantz onenganantz
    inanim. onetarantz onerantz onetarantz
    destinative anim. onenganako onarenganako onenganako
    inanim. onetarako onerako onetarako
    ablative anim. onengandik onarengandik onengandik
    inanim. onetatik onetik onetatik
    partitive onik — —
    prolative ontzat — —

    Further reading

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    • “on”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
    • “on”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

    Catalan

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Catalan on (“whence”), from Latin unde (“whence”). Compare Occitan ont, Old French ont (French dont), Spanish onde.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    on

    1. where

    References

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    Central Franconian

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    Alternative forms

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    • un (widely in free variation)
    • en (some western dialects)

    Etymology

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    The native form in most dialects was Old High German indi, whence the variant en. In parts of the Eifel, this indi regularly becomes on (compare Luxembourgish an). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand, on may have been inherited from the Old High German variant unde (unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence of German und.

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    on

    1. and
      Salz on Päfer
      salt and pepper

    Classical Nahuatl

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    Pronoun

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    on, ōn

    1. (demonstrative) that; those
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    References

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    • Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, page Loc 1408

    Cornish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    on m (plural en)

    1. lamb

    Crimean Tatar

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    Crimean Tatar numbers (edit)
    100
     ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
    1
        Cardinal: on
        Ordinal: onuncı
        Distributive: onar

    Etymology

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    From Proto-Turkic *ōn.

    Numeral

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    on

    1. ten

    References

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    Czech

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Czech on, from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    on m

    1. he (third person personal singular)

    Declension

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    Declension of on (sg-only masculine pronoun)
    singular
    stressed clitic
    nominative on
    genitive jeho, jej, něho1, něj1 ho, jej
    dative jemu, němu1 mu
    accusative jej, něj1, jeho2, něho2 jej, ho, -ň1
    vocative —
    locative něm1
    instrumental jím, ním1

    1After a preposition.
    2Animate.

    Derived terms

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    Czech personal pronouns
    singular plural
    1st person já my
    2nd person familiar ty vy
    polite vy
    3rd person m on oni*
    f ona ony
    n ono ona
    reflexive sebe, se (clitic)
    * animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

    Further reading

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    • “on”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
    • “on”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
    • “on”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

    Dutch

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    Adverb

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    on

    1. rarely used as shorthand for oneven (odd), the prefix on- means not (corresponds to English un-)

    Estonian

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈonː/, [ˈonː] (stressed)
    • IPA(key): /on/, [on] (unstressed)
    • Rhymes: -onː, -on
    • Hyphenation: on

    Verb

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    on

    1. third-person singular present indicative of olema
    2. third-person plural present indicative of olema

    Finnish

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈon/, [ˈo̞n]
    • Rhymes: -on
    • Syllabification(key): on

    Verb

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    on

    1. third-person singular indicative present of olla
      Se on tuolla.
      It is there.
      Se on ollut tuolla.
      It has been there.

    Anagrams

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    French

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old French hom, om (nominative form), from Latin homō (“human being”) (compare homme from the Old French oblique form home, from the Latin accusative form hominem). Its pronominal use is of Germanic origin. Compare Old English man (“one, they, people”), reduced form of Old English mann (“person”); Catalan hom; German man (“one, they, people”); Dutch men (“one, they, people”). In the second sense, meaning "we", also compare the development Malay kita orang (“we (incl.) + person”) and also dialectal kitorang, kitong, torang.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    on

    1. (indefinite) one, people, you, someone (an unspecified individual)
      Synonyms: quelqu’un (in some contexts), l’on (formal)
      • 2003, Natasha St. Pier, L’instant d’après (album), Quand on cherche l’amour (song)
        Quand on cherche l’amour…
        When one searches for love…
      On ne peut pas pêcher ici ― You can’t fish here
    2. (personal, informal) we
      Synonym: nous (in some contexts)
      • 2021, Zaz, Tout là-haut:
        On oublie nos certitudes
        We forget our certainties
      On s’est amusés. ― We had fun.

    Usage notes

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    • In informal and standard conversational French, on has almost completely replaced the pronoun nous (“we”) to indicate that a sentence or clause has a first-person plural as its subject. However, nous is still favored in formal writing and speech, and is still used colloquially as a disjunctive reinforcing nominative on, as well as to indicate direct and indirect objects. It may be used for reflexive objects, but as this is potentially ambiguous, these are also indicated with the reflexive pronoun se — especially with reinforcement from disjunctive nous, which clarifies that the speaker means "we" and not "one," i.e. a generalized indefinite subject. This clarification can also be achieved by the use of tous.
      On est toujours là. ― We're still here.
      Nous, on s’y fait. ― We get used to it.
      On connait tous la chanson qu’elle chante. ― We all know which song she is singing.
      Nous, on l’a tous vu. ― We all saw it.
    • The verb is always conjugated in the third-person singular, but if the pronoun refers to a first-person plural, the attribute agrees in gender and number.
      On est venu ici. ― One came here.
      On y est allés / allées. ― We went there.
      On est prêts / prêtes. ― We are ready.
    • The variant l’on is used in more formal or literary contexts. Some use it especially after que (que l'on) to avoid the contraction qu’on, which is homophonous with the vulgar word con.
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    French personal pronouns
    Number Person Gender Nominative
    (subject)     		Accusative
    (direct complement)     		Dative
    (indirect complement)     		Locative
    (at)     		Genitive
    (of)     		Disjunctive
    (tonic)
    Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
    Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
    Third Masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
    Feminine elle la, l’ elle
    Indeterminate on1 — — — — —
    Reflexive — se, s’4 — — soi4
    Plural First — nous nous — — nous
    Second — vous2 vous2,3 — — vous2
    Third Masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
    Feminine elles elles
    1 Also used as the first person plural.
    2 Also used as the polite singular form.
    3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
    4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.

    Descendants

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    • → Esperanto: oni
      • → Ido: onu

    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    German

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    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    on (indeclinable, predicative only)

    1. (Internet slang, especially video games) Clipping of online.
      Coordinate term: off
      hab lust auf ne runde zocken, kommst du on?
      im down to game 4 a bit, are u coming on?

    German Low German

    edit

    Conjunction

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    on

    1. (in several dialects, including Low Prussian) Alternative form of un (and)
      Melk on Brot
      milk and bread

    Guerrero Nahuatl

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    Noun

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    on

    1. the

    Ido

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    Pronunciation

    edit

    Pronoun

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    on

    1. Apocopic form of onu; one, someone, they (indefinite personal pronoun)

    See also

    edit
        Personal pronouns in Ido
      Singular Plural
    Nominative Possessive Nominative Possessive
    Singular Plural Singular Plural
    First person  me  mea  mei  ni  nia  nii
    Second person Formal  vu  vua  vui  vi  via  vii
    Familiar  tu  tua  tui
    Third person Masculine  ilu, il  ilua  ilui  ili  ilia  ilii
    Feminine  elu, el  elua  elui  eli  elia  elii
    Neuter  olu, ol  olua  olui  oli  olia  olii
    Common  lu  lua  lui  li  lia  lii
    Reflexive  su  sua  sui  su  sua  sui
    Indefinite  onu, on  onua  onui  onu, on  onua  onui
    Notes
    The possessive plurals are seldom used.
    The shortened forms are preferred.
    The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios.

    Interlingua

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    Pronoun

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    on

    1. one (indefinite personal pronoun)

    Japanese

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    Romanization

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    on

    1. Rōmaji transcription of おん

    Juǀ'hoan

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    Pronunciation

    edit
    • The nasal vowel IPA(key): /õ/

    Letter

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    on (upper case On)

    1. A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    Karaim

    edit

    Etymology 1

    edit

    From Proto-Turkic *ōn. Compare to Crimean Tatar on, Karachay-Balkar он (on), Kumyk он (on), Urum он (on), etc.

    Numeral

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    on

    1. ten

    Etymology 2

    edit

    From Proto-Turkic *oŋ. Compare to Crimean Tatar oñ, Karachay-Balkar онг (oñ), Kumyk онг (oñ), Urum он (on), etc.

    Noun

    edit

    on

    1. right

    References

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    N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “on”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

    Karelian

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    Verb

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    on

    1. third-person singular indicative present of olla

    Lombard

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old Lombard un, from Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos.

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    on m (feminine ona, plural di)

    1. a

    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

    edit

      From Old English on, an, from Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”).

      Preposition

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      on

      1. on, in

      Adverb

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      on

      1. on
      Alternative forms
      edit
      Descendants
      edit

      References

      edit

      Etymology 2

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      Numeral

      edit

      on

      1. Alternative form of oon

      Pronoun

      edit

      on

      1. Alternative form of oon

      Adverb

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      on

      1. Alternative form of oon

      Determiner

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      on

      1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of a (indefinite article)

      Etymology 3

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      Verb

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      on

      1. (Early Middle English) first/third-person singular present of unnen

      Etymology 4

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      Noun

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      on (uncountable)

      1. Alternative form of wone (“course”)

      Etymology 5

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      Noun

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      on (uncountable)

      1. Alternative form of oven

      Northern Sami

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      Etymology

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      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

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      • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈoːn/

      Adverb

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      ōn

      1. again

      Further reading

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      • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[5], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

      Occitan

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      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Adverb

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      on

      1. (Gascony) where

      References

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      • Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 99.

      Old Czech

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      on m sg (third person)

      1. he (masculine singular)

      Declension

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      Declension of the third-person pronouns (around AD 1300)
      Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative on ona ono
      Genitive jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho jie, nie jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho
      Dative jemu, (j)mu, ňemu jí, jiej, ní, niej jemu, (j)mu, ňemu
      Accusative jej, jen, ji, jeho, (j)ho
      -ň, ňej, ňen, ni, ň(e)ho       		ju, ňu je, ňe + later masculine
      Locative ňem ní, niej ňem
      Instrumental jím, ním jú, ňú jím, ním
      Possessive jeho (je)jie, jejílater jeho
      Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative ona oně
      Genitive jú, ňú
      Dative jima, nima
      Accusative jě, ně ji, ni
      Locative ňú
      Instrumental jima, nima
      Possessive (je)jú
      Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative oni ony ona
      Genitive jich, nich
      Dative jim, nim
      Accusative jě, ně
      Locative nich
      Instrumental jimi, nimi
      Possessive (je)jich

      Descendants

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      Pronoun

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      on

      1. Alternative form of onen

      References

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      Old English

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        on

        1. on, in, at, among [with accusative or dative or instrumental]
          On þæm huse
          In the house
          • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
            ...and ðā syndon swȳþe fæġere and lustsumlīce on tō sēonne...
            ...and those are very beautiful and pleasant to look at...
          • Early 11th c., Defensor's translation of Liber Scintillarum
            ...nā besēoh þū on wīfes hiw...
            ...do not look at a woman's appearance...
        2. on, during [with accusative]
          On midne winter
          In mid-winter
        3. onto, into (to express allative motion or a change of state) [with accusative]
          On þæt hus
          Into the house
          Heo awende þa boc on Englisc
          She translated the book into English

        Adverb

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        on

        1. (with verbs of taking or depriving) from

        Descendants

        edit

        Old French

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        See hom, om.

        Pronoun

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        on

        1. one (gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)

        Descendants

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        • French: on

        Old Frisian

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *an (“on”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“up”). Cognates include Old English on, Old Saxon ana and Old Dutch ana.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Preposition

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        on

        1. on

        Descendants

        edit
        • North Frisian: a
        • Saterland Frisian: an, oun
        • West Frisian: oan

        References

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        • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

        Old Irish

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        Pronoun

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        on

        1. Alternative spelling of ón

        Article

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        on

        1. Alternative spelling of ón

        Old Polish

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        Etymology

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ. First attested in the 14th century.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Pronoun

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        on

        1. he (for animate nouns), it (for inanimate nouns)
        2. this (demonstrative)

        Declension

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        This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

        Descendants

        edit

        References

        edit
        • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “on”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

        Polish

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Old Polish on. The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic *jь.

        Pronunciation

        edit
         

        Pronoun

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        on m (feminine ona, neuter ono)

        1. he (for animate nouns), it (for inanimate nouns)

        Declension

        edit
        Declension of on
        singular
        nominative on
        genitive jego/go/niego
        dative jemu/mu/niemu
        accusative jego/go/niego
        instrumental nim
        locative nim
        vocative —

        Pronoun

        edit

        on

        1. (dated, demonstrative) this

        Declension

        edit
        Declension of on (irregular)
        singular plural
        masculine animate masculine inanimate feminine neuter virile (= masculine personal) non-virile
        nominative on ona ono oni one
        genitive onego onej onego onych
        dative onemu onej onemu onym
        accusative onego on oną ono onych one
        instrumental onym oną onym onymi
        locative onym onej onym onych

        See also

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        Trivia

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        According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), on is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1477 times in scientific texts, 677 times in news, 976 times in essays, 1957 times in fiction, and 1617 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 6650 times, making it the 8th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

        References

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        1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “on”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 333

        Further reading

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        • on in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • on in Polish dictionaries at PWN
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • “ON I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2021 November 3
        • “ON II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2020 March 30
        • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego
        • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
        • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 779

        Romani

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        Alternative forms

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        Pronoun

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        on

        1. they[1][2][3]

        See also

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        Romani personal pronouns
        Number Person Gender Nominative Accusative Dative Locative Ablative Instrumental Possessive
        Singular First — me man manqe manθe manθar mança miro, -i, -e
        Second — tu tut tuqe tuθe tuθar tuça tiro, -i, -e
        Reflexive third — — pes pesqe pesθe pesθar peça pesqero, -i, -e
        Third Masculine ov les lesqe lesθe lesθar leça lesqero, -i, -e
        Feminine oj la laqe laθe laθar laça laqero, -i, -e
        Plural First — amen amenqe amenθe amenθar amença amaro, -i, -e
        Second — tumen tumenqe tumenθe tumenθar tumença tumaro, -i, -e
        Reflexive third — — pen penqe penθe penθar pença penqero, -i, -e
        Third — on len lenqe lenθe lenθar lença lenqero, -i, -e
        Kalderash Romani personal pronouns
        Number Person Gender Nominative Accusative (long and short forms) Dative Locative Ablative Instrumental Possessive
        Singular First — me man, ma mánge mánde mándar mánsa múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl
        Second — tu tut, tu túke túte tútar túsa tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl
        Reflexive third — — pês, pe pêske pêste pêstar pêsa pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl
        Third Masculine wo lês, le lêske lêste lêstar lêsa lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl
        Feminine woi la, la láke láte látar lása láko m, láki f, láke pl
        Plural First — ame amên, ame amênge amênde amêndar amênsa amáro m, amári f, amáre pl
        Second — tume tumên, tume tumênge tumênde tumêndar tumênsa tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl
        Reflexive third — — pên, pe pênge pênde pêndar pênsa pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl
        Third — won lên, le lênge lênde lêndar lênsa lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl

        References

        edit
        1. ^ Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “on”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 201a
        2. ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 260b
        3. ^ Yaron Matras and Evangelina Adamou (2020) “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, →DOI, →ISBN, page 341

        Romansch

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        Alternative forms

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From Latin annus.

        Noun

        edit

        on m (plural ons)

        1. (Sutsilvan, Vallader) year

        Salar

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        Etymology

        edit

        From Proto-Turkic *ōn.

        Numeral

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        on (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])

        1. ten

        Sedang

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        Etymology

        edit

        From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔuɲ. Cognate with Bahnar ŭnh and Hrê ùnh.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        on

        1. fire

        Serbo-Croatian

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        ȏn (Cyrillic spelling о̑н)

        1. he

        Declension

        edit
            Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
        Singular Plural
        Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
        nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
        genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
        dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
        accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
        vocative — — — — — —
        locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
        instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

        See also

        edit

        Slovak

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos; inflected forms from Proto-Slavic *jь, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        on m

        1. he, it (third-person singular pronoun)

        Declension

        edit
        Declension of on
        singulare tantum
        nominative on
        genitive ho／jeho／neho
        dative mu／jemu／nemu
        accusative ho／jeho／neho
        locative ňom
        instrumental ním
        edit
        Slovak personal pronouns
        substantive possessive
        singular plural singular plural
        1st person ja my môj náš
        2nd person familiar ty vy tvoj váš
        polite vy váš
        3rd person m on oni*／ony jeho ich
        f ona jej
        n ono jeho
        reflexive seba, sa (clitic) svoj
        * masculine animate only, ony otherwise.

        Further reading

        edit
        • “on”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

        Slovene

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        ȍn

        1. he
        2. (obsolete) onkanje form[→SS, p. 389]

        Usage notes

        edit

        The second binding singular form (-enj) is used when the prefix ends in a consonant:

        Inflection

        edit
        Fourth masculine declension (adjectival endings, animate), fixed accent, highly irregular
        Stressed ("naglasne") forms
        nominative
        imenovȃlnik         		ȍn ónadva, onȃdva óni, onȋ
        genitive
        rodȋlnik         		njéga njȋju, njȉh, njȗ njȉh
        dative
        dajȃlnik         		njému njȋma njȉm
        accusative
        tožȋlnik         		njéga njȋju, njȉh, njȗ njȉh, njẹ̑
        locative
        mẹ̑stnik         		njém, njému njȋju, njȉh njȉh
        instrumental
        orọ̑dnik         		njím njȋma njȋmi
        (vocative)
        (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)         		ȍn ȏnadva, onȃdva ȏni, onȋ
        Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
        singular dual plural
        genitive
        rodȋlnik         		ga ju, jih jih
        dative
        dajȃlnik         		mu jima jim
        accusative
        tožȋlnik         		ga ju jih
        Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
        singular dual plural
        unstressed -nj, -ənj -nju -nje
        stressed – – njẹ̑, njȉh

        See also

        edit
        Slovene personal pronouns
        singular dual plural
        1st person m jaz midva mi
        f or n medve, midve me
        2nd person familiar
        tikanje         		m ti vidva vi
        f or n vedve, vidve ve
        3rd person m on onadva oni
        f ona onedve, onidve one
        n ono onedve, onidve ona
        Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural) singular
        polite
        vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine         		vi, Vi
        very polite
        onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic)         		oni
        hyper polite
        onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete)         		ono
        patriarchal
        onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete)         		on

        Further reading

        edit
        • “on”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
        • “on”, in Termania, Amebis
        • See also the general references

        Anagrams

        edit

        Southeastern Tepehuan

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *ona.

        Noun

        edit

        on

        1. salt

        References

        edit
        • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎[6] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 140

        Swedish

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        Noun

        edit

        on

        1. indefinite plural of o

        Anagrams

        edit

        Tagalog

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from English on.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Adjective

        edit

        on (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔)

        1. (slang) in a relationship with someone

        Derived terms

        edit

        Anagrams

        edit

        Turkish

        edit
        Turkish numbers (edit)
        100
         ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
        1
            Cardinal: on
            Ordinal: onuncu
            Distributive: onar

        Etymology

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        Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اون (on), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (un¹ /⁠on⁠/, “ten”).

        Pronunciation

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        Numeral

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        on

        1. ten

        Declension

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        Inflection
        Nominative on
        Definite accusative onu
        Singular Plural
        Nominative on onlar
        Definite accusative onu onları
        Dative ona onlara
        Locative onda onlarda
        Ablative ondan onlardan
        Genitive onun onların

        Turkmen

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).

        Numeral

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        Turkmen cardinal numbers
         <  9 10 11  > 
            Cardinal : on
            Ordinal : onunji

        on

        1. ten

        Venetan

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        Article

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        on m sg

        1. a, an

        Usage notes

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        • Variant of un

        Volapük

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from French on.

        Pronoun

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        on

        1. it
        2. (obsolete, indefinite personal pronoun) one

        Declension

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            declension of on
        singular plural
        nominative on ons
        genitive ona onas
        dative one ones
        accusative oni onis

        Votic

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        Pronunciation

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        Verb

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        on

        1. third-person singular indicative present of õllõ

        Walloon

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        From Latin ūnum.

        Pronunciation

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        IPA(key): /ɔ̃/

        Article

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        on (masculine before a vowel: in-, feminine: ine)

        1. an, a
          on tchin ― a dog
          in-åbe ― a tree
          ine minte ― a lie

        Numeral

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        on

        1. one

        Yola

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        Alternative forms

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        • an
        • ana (before consonant)
        • a (unstressed)

        Etymology

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        From Middle English on, an, from Old English on.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ɔn/, /an/, /anə/, /ə/

        Preposition

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        on

        1. on
          • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:
            An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.
            And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.
          • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
            An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,
            The priest of the parish on his white pony,
          • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:
            Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;
            Bad luck may light on Tom Busheare;
          • 1867, DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH, page 131:
            Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?
            [Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]

        References

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        • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 94
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