Wiktionary

on

See also: Appendix:Variations of "on"

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

AdjectiveEdit

on (not comparable)

  1. In the state of being active, functioning or operating.
    Antonym: off
    All the lights are on, so they must be home.
  2. Performing according to schedule; taking place.
    Are we still on for tonight?
    Is the show still on?
    We had to ration our food because there was a war on.
    That TV programme that you wanted to watch is on now.
  3. Fitted; covering; being worn.
    Your feet will soon warm up once your socks are on.
    I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was still on!
  4. (postpositive) Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
    The photograph shows the UFO side on.
    edge on, side on, end on, face on
  5. (chiefly UK, informal, usually negative) Acceptable, appropriate.
    You can't do that; it's just not on.
    • 1998 May 22, "Phoenix Gamma", If I was owned Nintendo..., alt.games.video.nintendo-64:
      This kind of over-packaging of goods is completely not on.
    • 2003 August 12, "DAB sounds worse than FM", Gerg Dyke's Speech at Radio Festival, alt.radio.digital:
      so Simon Nelson saying on Feedback "we'd prefer it if everybody listened to digital radio via DAB" is completely not on at all.
  6. (informal) Destined, normally in the context of a challenge being accepted; involved, doomed.
    "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ―"You're on!"
    Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It's on now.
  7. (baseball, informal) Having reached a base as a runner and being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
    • 2019 February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, in New Mexico State University Athletics‎[1]:
      With one out and no men on, Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.
    • 2019 April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, in The Stanford Daily‎[2]:
      Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runners on compared to the Bruin's 9-22.
  8. (cricket) Within the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.
    Synonym: leg; Antonym: off
    The captain moved two fielders to the on side.
    Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumping on drive.
  9. (acting, drama, role-playing games) Acting in character.
  10. (euphemistic) Menstruating.
    • 2011, Netmums, Hollie Smith, You and Your Tween: Managing the years from 9 to 13, Hachette, →ISBN:
      It still gets in the way of her doing things like swimming, and she avoids sleepovers when she's "on".
SynonymsEdit
  • (baseball: positioned at a base): on base (not informal)
TranslationsEdit
See on/translations § Adjective.

AdverbEdit

on (not comparable)

For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such as carry on, hang on, have on, try on, etc., please see the individual entries.

  1. To an operating state.
    turn the television on
  2. So as to cover or be fitted.
    The lid wasn't screwed on properly.
    Put on your hat and gloves.
  3. Along, forwards (continuing an action).
    drive on, rock on
    • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎[3]:
      He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
  4. In continuation, at length.
    and so on
    He rambled on and on.
  5. (obsolete in the US) Later.
    Ten years on, nothing had changed in the village.
  6. Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance. See also odds-on.
    Antonym: against
    That horse is twenty-to-one on, so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.
AntonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit
See on/translations § Adverb.

PrepositionEdit

 
A green pepper on (with its position being the upper surface of) a box

on

  1. Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
    A vase of flowers stood on the table.
    Please lie down on the couch.
    The parrot was sitting on Jim's shoulder.
  2. Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
    He had a scar on the side of his face.
    There is a dirty smudge on this window.
    The painting hangs on the wall.
    The fruit ripened on the trees.
  3. Expressing figurative placement or attachment.
    All of the responsibility is on him.
    I put a bet on the winning horse.
  4. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
    to play on a violin or piano
  5. At or in (a certain region or location).
    The lighthouse that you can see is on the mainland.
    The suspect is thought to still be on the campus.
  6. Near; adjacent to; alongside.
    The fleet is on the American coast.
    Croton-on-Hudson, Rostov-on-Don, Southend-on-Sea
  7. Supported by (the specified part of itself).
    A table can't stand on two legs.
    After resting on his elbows, he stood on his toes, then walked on his heels.
  8. So as to impart force to.
    tug on the rope; push hard on the door
  9. So as to impact; against.
    I stubbed my toe on an old tree stump.
  10. Covering.
    He wore old shoes on his feet.
  11. (with certain modes of transport, especially public transport) Inside (a vehicle) for the purpose of travelling.
    on a bus, on a train, on a plane
  12. At the date of.
    Born on the 4th of July.
  13. Some time during the day of.
    On Sunday I'm busy. I'll see you on Monday.
    Can I see you on a different day?
  14. At a given time after the start of something; at.
    Smith scored again on twelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
    • 2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport:
      The Spain striker had given Chelsea the lead on 29 minutes but was shown a straight red card 10 minutes later for a rash challenge on Mark Gower.
  15. Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
    I was reading a book on history.
    The city hosted the World Summit on the Information Society
    I have no opinion on this subject.
  16. (informal) In the possession of.
    I haven't got any money on me.
  17. Because of, or due to.
    to arrest someone on suspicion of bribery
    to contact someone on a hunch
  18. Upon; at the time of (and often because of).
    On Jack's entry, William got up to leave.
    On the addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
  19. Paid for by.
    The drinks are on me tonight, boys.
    The meal is on the house.
    I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room was on the company.
  20. Indicating a means or medium.
    I saw it on television.
    Can't you see I'm on the phone?
    My favorite shows are on BBC America.
    The Beatles' appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show is on YouTube.
    The film was released on DVD.
  21. Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
    They planned an attack on London.
    The soldiers mutinied and turned their guns on their officers.
    Her words made a lasting impression on my mind.
    What will be the effect on morale?
  22. Toward; for; indicating the object of an emotion.
    Have pity or compassion on him.
  24. (especially Ireland) Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
    • 2013 February 27, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Shining Company, Random House, →ISBN:
      ' […] the hunger is on me to carry my sword in distant places.' Mynyddog bowed his head.
    • 2017 January 24, Ruth Gilligan, Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan, Tin House Books, →ISBN:
      “Christ, the thirst on me.” “Sure, it's serious work, all that talk of independence.” The theater's stained-glass doors had first flung open in 1904, all in the hope of “rewriting the Irish identity,” of using culture in the fight […]
    • 2017 August 29, Ralph Peters, Judgment at Appomattox: A Novel, Forge Books, →ISBN, page 18:
      “I've got the hunger on me, I do.” Riordan snorted. Hardly a man knew hunger as he did. The prison rations at Point Lookout, spare enough, had been a feast compared to the black years in Ireland. […]
  25. Indicating a means of subsistence.
    They lived on ten dollars a week.
    The dog survived three weeks on rainwater.
  26. Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
    He's on his lunch break.
    I'm on nights all this week.
    on vacation; on holiday; on the job; on the fiddle
  28. Regularly taking (a drug).
    You've been on these antidepressants far too long.
    He's acting so strangely, I think he must be on something.
  30. Under the influence of (a drug).
    He's acting crazy because he's on crack right now.
  31. (mathematics) Having identical domain and codomain.
    a function on
  32. (mathematics) Having   as domain and V as codomain, for some set V and integer n.
    an operator on
  33. (mathematics) Generated by.
    the free group on four letters
  34. In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
    heaps on heaps of food
    mischief on mischief; loss on loss
  35. (obsolete, regional) of
  36. Indicating dependence or reliance.
    I depended on them for assistance.
    He will promise on certain conditions.
  37. (obsolete) At the peril of, or for the safety of.
  38. Serving as a member of.
    He is on the jury; I am on the committee.
  39. By virtue of; with the pledge of.
    He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honour.
  40. To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
    On us be all the blame.
    A curse on him!
    Please don't tell on her and get her in trouble.
    He turned on her and has been her enemy ever since.
    He went all honest on me, making me listen to his confession.
  41. (especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified) Against; in opposition to.
    The fight was three on one, and he never stood a chance.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
See on/translations § Preposition.

VerbEdit

on (third-person singular simple present ons, present participle oning or onning, simple past and past participle oned or onned)

  1. (Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, transitive, colloquial) To switch on.
    Can you on the light?
    Synonym: turn on

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse ón, án (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēno, *ino (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḗnu (“without”). Cognate with North Frisian on (“without”), Middle Dutch an, on (“without”), Middle Low German āne (“without”), German ohne (“without”), Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without, except”), Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu, “without”).

Alternative formsEdit

PrepositionEdit

on

  1. (UK dialectal, Scotland) Without.
Usage notesEdit
  • Usually followed by a present participle, as being, having, etc.

Etymology 3Edit

From Japanese 音読み (on'yomi, literally “sound reading”).

NounEdit

on

  1. In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted with kun.
    Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

  • on dit (etymologically unrelated)

ReferencesEdit

  • on at OneLook Dictionary Search

AnagramsEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

Azerbaijani cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  >
    Cardinal : on
    Ordinal : onuncu

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic [Term?] (/on/, “ten”).

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

Other scripts
Cyrillic он
Perso-Arabic

on

  1. ten

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ōn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

BasqueEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Basque *bon.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

on (comparative hobe, superlative onen or hoberen, excessive onegi)

  1. good
  2. useful, convenient

DeclensionEdit

Declension of on (adjective, ending in consonant)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive on ona onak
ergative onek onak onek
dative oni onari onei
genitive onen onaren onen
comitative onekin onarekin onekin
causative onengatik onarengatik onengatik
benefactive onentzat onarentzat onentzat
instrumental onez onaz onez
inessive anim. onengan onarengan onengan
inanim. onetan onean onetan
locative anim. — — —
inanim. onetako oneko onetako
allative anim. onengana onarengana onengana
inanim. onetara onera onetara
terminative anim. onenganaino onarenganaino onenganaino
inanim. onetaraino oneraino onetaraino
directive anim. onenganantz onarenganantz onenganantz
inanim. onetarantz onerantz onetarantz
destinative anim. onenganako onarenganako onenganako
inanim. onetarako onerako onetarako
ablative anim. onengandik onarengandik onengandik
inanim. onetatik onetik onetatik
partitive onik — —
prolative ontzat — —

Further readingEdit

  • "on" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
  • “on” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus

CatalanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Catalan on (“whence”), from Latin unde (“whence”). Compare Occitan ont, Old French ont (French dont), Spanish onde.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

on

  1. where

ReferencesEdit

Central FranconianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • un (widely in free variation)
  • en (some western dialects)

EtymologyEdit

The native form in most dialects was Old High German indi, whence the variant en. In parts of the Eifel, this indi regularly becomes on (compare Luxembourgish an). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand, on may have been inherited from the Old High German variant unde (unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence of German und.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

on

  1. and
    Salz on Päfer
    salt and pepper

Classical NahuatlEdit

PronounEdit

on, ōn

  1. (demonstrative) that; those

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408

CornishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [ɔːn]
  • (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [oːn]

NounEdit

on m (plural en)

  1. lamb

Crimean TatarEdit

NumeralEdit

on

  1. ten

CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old Czech on, from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on m

  1. he (third person personal singular)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of on
singular plural
nominative on oni (animate)
ony (inanimate)
genitive ho (clitic)
jej/něj
jeho/něho 		jich/nich
dative jemu/němu
mu (clitic) 		jim/nim
accusative jeho/něho
ho (clitic)
jej/něj 		je/ně
vocative — —
locative něm nich
instrumental jím/ním jimi/nimi

Related termsEdit

Czech personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person já my
2nd person familiar ty vy
polite vy
3rd person m on oni
f ona ony
n ono ona
reflexive sebe, se (clitic)

Further readingEdit

  • on in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • on in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • on in Internetová jazyková příručka

DutchEdit

AdverbEdit

on

  1. rarely used as shorthand for oneven (odd), the prefix on- means not (corresponds to English un-)

EstonianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈon/, [ˈon]
  • Rhymes: -on
  • Hyphenation: on

VerbEdit

on

  1. third-person singular present indicative of olema
  2. third-person plural present indicative of olema

FinnishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈon/, [ˈo̞n]
  • Rhymes: -on
  • Syllabification(key): on

VerbEdit

on

  1. third-person singular indicative present of olla
    Se on tuolla.
    It is there.
    Se on ollut tuolla.
    It has been there.

AnagramsEdit

FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French hom, om (nominative form), from Latin homō (“human being”) (compare homme from the Old French oblique form home, from the Latin accusative form hominem). Its pronominal use is of Germanic origin. Compare Old English man (“one, they, people”), reduced form of Old English mann (“person”); Catalan hom; German man (“one, they, people”); Dutch men (“one, they, people”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. (indefinite) one, people, you, someone (an unspecified individual)
    Synonyms: quelqu'un (in some contexts), l'on (formal)
    • 2003, Natasha St. Pier, L’instant d’après (album), Quand on cherche l’amour (song)
      Quand on cherche l'amour…
      When one searches for love…
    On ne peut pas pêcher ici ― You can’t fish here
  2. (personal, informal) we
    Synonym: nous (in some contexts)
    • 2021, Zaz, Tout là-haut
      On oublie nos certitudes
      We forget our certainties
    On s’est amusés. ― We had fun.

Usage notesEdit

  • In informal and standard conversational French, on has almost completely replaced the pronoun nous (“we”) to indicate that a sentence or clause has a first-person plural as its subject. However, nous is still favored in formal writing and speech, and is still used colloquially as a disjunctive reinforcing nominative on, as well as to indicate direct and indirect objects. It may be used for reflexive objects, but as this is potentially ambiguous, these are also indicated with the reflexive pronoun se — especially with reinforcement from disjunctive nous, which clarifies that the speaker means "we" and not "one," i.e. a generalized indefinite subject. This clarification can also be achieved by the use of tous.
    On est toujours là. ― We're still here.
    Nous, on s'y fait. ― We get used to it.
    On connait tous la chanson qu'elle chante. ― We all know which song she is singing.
    Nous, on l'a tous vu. ― We all saw it.
  • The verb is always conjugated in the third-person singular, but if the pronoun refers to a first-person plural, the attribute agrees in gender and number.
    On est venu ici. ― One came here.
    On y est allés / allées. ― We went there.
    On est prêts / prêtes. ― We are ready.
  • The variant l'on is used in more formal or literary contexts. Some use it especially after que (que l'on) to avoid the contraction qu'on, which is homophonous with the vulgar word con.

Related termsEdit

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Indeterminate on1 — — — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 — — soi4
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 — — vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
Feminine elles elles
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.

DescendantsEdit

  • → Esperanto: oni
    • → Ido: onu
  • → Interlingue: on

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

German Low GermanEdit

ConjunctionEdit

on

  1. (in several dialects, including Low Prussian) Alternative form of un (and)
    Melk on Brot
    milk and bread

Guerrero NahuatlEdit

NounEdit

on

  1. the

IdoEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. Apocopic form of onu; one, someone, they (indefinite personal pronoun)

See alsoEdit

    Personal pronouns in Ido
  Singular Plural
Nominative Possessive Nominative Possessive
Singular Plural Singular Plural
First person  me  mea  mei  ni  nia  nii
Second person Formal  vu  vua  vui  vi  via  vii
Familiar  tu  tua  tui
Third person Masculine  ilu, il  ilua  ilui  ili  ilia  ilii
Feminine  elu, el  elua  elui  eli  elia  elii
Neuter  olu, ol  olua  olui  oli  olia  olii
Common  lu  lua  lui  li  lia  lii
Reflexive  su  sua  sui  su  sua  sui
Indefinite  onu, on  onua  onui  onu, on  onua  onui
Notes
The possessive plurals are seldom used.
The shortened forms are preferred.
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios.

InterlinguaEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. one (indefinite personal pronoun)

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

on

  1. Rōmaji transcription of おん

KarelianEdit

VerbEdit

on

  1. (there) is

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English on, from Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”).

PrepositionEdit

on

  1. on, in

AdverbEdit

on

  1. on
Alternative formsEdit
DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

NumeralEdit

on

  1. Alternative form of oon

PronounEdit

on

  1. Alternative form of oon

AdverbEdit

on

  1. Alternative form of oon

DeterminerEdit

on

  1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of a (indefinite article)

Etymology 3Edit

VerbEdit

on

  1. (Early Middle English) first/third-person singular present of unnen

Etymology 4Edit

NounEdit

on (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of wone (“course”)

Etymology 5Edit

NounEdit

on (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of oven

Northern SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈoːn/

AdverbEdit

ōn

  1. again

Further readingEdit

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

OccitanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio (Gascon)(file)

AdverbEdit

on

  1. (Gascony) where

ReferencesEdit

  • Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 99.

Old CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on (third person)

  1. he

DeclensionEdit

Declension
singular dual plural
nominative on (jen) ona (jě/ně) oni (ji)
genitive jeho/něho, jho/ňho, jeh/ho jú/ňú, jejú jich/nich, jejich
dative jemu/němu, jmu, mu jima/nima jim/nim
accusative -ň, ji/ni, jen/něn, jej/něj, jeho/něho, jho/ňho, jeh, ho jě/ně jě/ně
vocative — — —
locative jem/něm jú/ňú, jejú jich/nich
instrumental jím/ním jima/nima jimi/nimi

DescendantsEdit

Old EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ana.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

on

  1. on, in, at, among [+dative or instrumental]
On þæm huse
In the house
  1. on, during [+accusative]
On midne winter
In mid-winter

AdverbEdit

on

  1. (with verbs of taking or depriving) from

DescendantsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

See hom, om.

PronounEdit

on

  1. one (gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)

DescendantsEdit

  • French: on

Old FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *an (“on”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“up”). Cognates include Old English on, Old Saxon ana and Old Dutch ana.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

on

  1. on

DescendantsEdit

  • North Frisian: a
  • Saterland Frisian: an, oun
  • West Frisian: oan

ReferencesEdit

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old IrishEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. Alternative spelling of ón

ArticleEdit

on

  1. Alternative spelling of ón

Old PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ.

PronounEdit

on

  1. he (for animate nouns), it (for inanimate nouns)
  2. this (demonstrative)

DeclensionEdit

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

  • Polish: on

ReferencesEdit

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old Polish on, from Proto-Slavic *onъ.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on (plural: masculine personal oni, all others one)

  1. he (for animate nouns), it (for inanimate nouns)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of on
singular
nominative on
genitive jego/go/niego
dative jemu/mu/niemu
accusative jego/go/niego
instrumental nim
locative nim
vocative —

Related termsEdit

pronouns

PronounEdit

on m

  1. (dated) this (demonstrative)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of on
case singular plural
masculine personal/animate masculine inanimate neuter feminine virile nonvirile
nominative, vocative on ono ona oni one
genitive onego onej onych
dative onemu onym
accusative onego on ono oną onych one
instrumental onym onymi
locative onej onych

See alsoEdit

TriviaEdit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), on is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 1477 times in scientific texts, 677 times in news, 976 times in essays, 1957 times in fiction, and 1617 times in plays, totaling 6650 times, making it the 8th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “on”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 333

Further readingEdit

  • on in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • on in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
  • “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
  • “I ON I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.11.2021
  • “II ON II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 779

RomaniEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. they[1][2][3]

DescendantsEdit

  • Kalo Finnish Romani: joon
  • Vlax Romani: von

See alsoEdit

Romani personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Accusative Dative Locative Ablative Instrumental Possessive
Singular First — me man manqe manθe manθar mança miro, -i, -e
Second — tu tut tuqe tuθe tuθar tuça tiro, -i, -e
Reflexive third — — pes pesqe pesθe pesθar peça pesqero, -i, -e
Third Masculine ov les lesqe lesθe lesθar leça lesqero, -i, -e
Feminine oj la laqe laθe laθar laça laqero, -i, -e
Plural First — amen amenqe amenθe amenθar amença amaro, -i, -e
Second — tumen tumenqe tumenθe tumenθar tumença tumaro, -i, -e
Reflexive third — — pen penqe penθe penθar pença penqero, -i, -e
Third — on len lenqe lenθe lenθar lença lenqero, -i, -e
Kalderash Romani personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Accusative (long and short forms) Dative Locative Ablative Instrumental Possessive
Singular First — me man, ma mánge mánde mándar mánsa múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl
Second — tu tut, tu túke túte tútar túsa tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl
Reflexive third — — pês, pe pêske pêste pêstar pêsa pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl
Third Masculine wo lês, le lêske lêste lêstar lêsa lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl
Feminine woi la, la láke láte látar lása láko m, láki f, láke pl
Plural First — ame amên, ame amênge amênde amêndar amênsa amáro m, amári f, amáre pl
Second — tume tumên, tume tumênge tumênde tumêndar tumênsa tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl
Reflexive third — — pên, pe pênge pênde pêndar pênsa pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl
Third — won lên, le lênge lênde lêndar lênsa lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “on”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 201a
  2. ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 260b
  3. ^ Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser, editors (2020), “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_11, →ISBN, page 341

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) onn
  • (Puter) an

EtymologyEdit

From Latin annus.

NounEdit

on m (plural ons)

  1. (Sutsilvan, Vallader) year

SalarEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *ōn.

NumeralEdit

on (3rd person possessive [[{{{1}}}#Salar|{{{1}}}]], plural [[{{{2}}}#Salar|{{{2}}}]])

  1. ten

SedangEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔuɲ. Cognate with Bahnar ŭnh and Hre ùnh.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

on

  1. fire

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ȏn (Cyrillic spelling о̑н)

  1. he

DeclensionEdit

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

See alsoEdit

SlovakEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos; inflected forms from Proto-Slavic *jь, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

on

  1. he (third-person personal masculine singular pronoun)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of on
singular plural
nominative on oni, ony
genitive ho, jeho, neho ich, nich
dative mu, jemu, nemu im, nim
accusative ho, jeho, neho ich, nich, ne
locative ňom nich
instrumental ním nimi

Further readingEdit

  • on in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ȍn

  1. he

InflectionEdit

Forms between parentheses indicate clitic forms; the main forms are used for emphasis.

Declension of on (irregular, suppletive)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative òn ôna ôno
accusative njêga (ga, -nj) njó (jo, -njo) njêga (ga, -nj)
genitive njêga (ga) njé (je) njêga (ga)
dative njêmu (mu) njéj, njèj, njì (ji) njêmu (mu)
locative njêm njéj, njèj, njì njêm
instrumental njím njó njím
possessive njegôv, njegòv njén njegôv, njegòv
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ônadva ônidve, onédve ônidve, onédve
accusative njíju (ju, -nju) or plural njíju (ju, -nju) or plural njíju (ju, -nju) or plural
genitive njíju (ju) or plural njíju (ju) or plural njíju (ju) or plural
dative njíma (jima) njíma (jima) njíma (jima)
locative njíju or plural njíju or plural njíju or plural
instrumental njíma njíma njíma
possessive njún njún njún
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ôni ône ôna
accusative njìh (jih, -nje) njìh (jih, -nje) njìh (jih, -nje)
genitive njìh (jih) njìh (jih) njìh (jih)
dative njìm (jim) njìm (jim) njìm (jim)
locative njìh njìh njìh
instrumental njími njími njími
possessive njíhov njíhov njíhov

See alsoEdit

Slovene personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person m jaz midva mi
f medve, midve me
2nd person familiar m ti vidva vi
f vedve, vidve ve
polite m vi vidva vi
f vi vedve, vidve ve
3rd person m on onadva oni
f ona onedve, onidve one
n ono onedve, onidve ona

Southeastern TepehuanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *ona.

NounEdit

on

  1. salt

ReferencesEdit

  • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎[5] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 140

SwedishEdit

NounEdit

on

  1. indefinite plural of o.

AnagramsEdit

TurkishEdit

Turkish cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  >
    Cardinal : on
    Ordinal : onuncu
    Distributive : onar
Turkish Wikipedia article on on

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish اون‎ (on), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣‎ (un¹ /on/, “ten”).

NumeralEdit

on

  1. ten

DeclensionEdit

Inflection
Nominative on
Definite accusative onu
Singular Plural
Nominative on onlar
Definite accusative onu onları
Dative ona onlara
Locative onda onlarda
Ablative ondan onlardan
Genitive onun onların

TurkmenEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣‎ (un¹ /on/, “ten”), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).

NumeralEdit

on

  1. ten

VenetianEdit

ArticleEdit

on m sg

  1. a, an

Usage notesEdit

  • Variant of un

VolapükEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French on.

PronounEdit

on

  1. it
  2. (obsolete, indefinite personal pronoun) one

DeclensionEdit

    declension of on
singular plural
nominative on ons
genitive ona onas
dative one ones
accusative oni onis

VoticEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈon/, [ˈon]
  • Rhymes: -on
  • Hyphenation: on

VerbEdit

on

  1. third-person singular indicative present of õllõ

WalloonEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /ɔ̃/

NumeralEdit

on

  1. one

YolaEdit

PrepositionEdit

on

  1. Alternative form of an
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:
      An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.
      And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

ReferencesEdit

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 94
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