कूप

Sanskrit

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-European *kúHp-o-s, from *kuHp- (“water vessel; hollow”), from *kew- (“bend, curve”). Cognate with Latin cupa, Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hollow”), κύπελλον (kúpellon), Old English hyf (whence English hive, qv).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kúː.pɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.pɐ/

Noun

कूप • (kū́pa) stem, m

1. a well; a hole dug in the ground as a source of water
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.17:

     त्रि॒तः कूपेऽव॑हितो दे॒वान्ह॑वत ऊ॒तये॑ ।
     तच्छु॑श्राव॒ बृह॒स्पतिः॑ कृ॒ण्वन्नं॑हूर॒णादु॒रु वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी ॥

     tritáḥ kū́péʼvahito devā́nhavata ūtáye .
     tácchuśrāva bṛ́haspátiḥ kṛṇvánnaṃhūraṇā́durú vittáṃ me asyá rodasī .

     Trita, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour him.
     That call of his Bṛhaspati heard and released him from distress. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.

2. hole, cavity
3. leather oil vessel
4. cave

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कूप (kū́pa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कूपः kū́paḥ	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kū́pau / kū́pā¹	कूपाः / कूपासः¹ kū́pāḥ / kū́pāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कूप kū́pa	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kū́pau / kū́pā¹	कूपाः / कूपासः¹ kū́pāḥ / kū́pāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कूपम् kū́pam	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kū́pau / kū́pā¹	कूपान् kū́pān
Instrumental	कूपेन kū́pena	कूपाभ्याम् kū́pābhyām	कूपैः / कूपेभिः¹ kū́paiḥ / kū́pebhiḥ¹
Dative	कूपाय kū́pāya	कूपाभ्याम् kū́pābhyām	कूपेभ्यः kū́pebhyaḥ
Ablative	कूपात् kū́pāt	कूपाभ्याम् kū́pābhyām	कूपेभ्यः kū́pebhyaḥ
Genitive	कूपस्य kū́pasya	कूपयोः kū́payoḥ	कूपानाम् kū́pānām
Locative	कूपे kū́pe	कूपयोः kū́payoḥ	कूपेषु kū́peṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• कूपक (kūpaka)

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: kuí
• Pali: kepa
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀬 (kūya)
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀧𑀬 (kuṃpaya)
  • Central:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀅 (kūvaa), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀕 (kūvaga)
      • Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)
        • Hindi: कुँआ (kũā)
      • Romani: kūpă
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: কুঁৱা (kũwa), কূপা (kupa)
      • Bengali: কুয়া (kuẏa)
      • Odia: କୂପୀ (kupi)
  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘮𑘰 (kuhā)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Lahnda: کپا (kuppā)
        • Punjabi: khūh, kuppā, kuppī

          Gurmukhi script: ਖੂਹ, ਕੁੱਪਾ, ਕੁੱਪੀ

          Shahmukhi script: کھُہ, کُپَّا, کُپِّی

          • Bihari: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पी (kuppī)
          • Gujarati: કુપ્પો (kuppo), કુપ્પો (kuppo)
          • Hindustani: kuppā, kuppī
            • Hindi: कुप्पा, कुप्पी
            • Urdu: کُپَّا (kuppā), کُپِّی (kuppī)
          • Marathi: कुप्पा (kuppā)
          • Nepali: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पि (kuppi)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo

          Arabic script: ڪُپو, ڪُپِڙو

          Devanagari script: कुपो, कुपिड़ो

  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Nepali: कुवा (kuwā)
  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: kuppi

        Devanagari script: कुप्पि

        Kannada script: ಕುಪ್ಪಿ

        Latin script: kuppi

      • Marathi: कुपा (kupā), कुपी (kupī)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Old Gujarati:
        • Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo), કુંપો (kumpo), કુંપી (kumpī), કુપી (kupī)
        • Mewari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)
• → Telugu: కూపము (kūpamu)
• → Malay: kupi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kuː.pɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.pɐ/

Noun

कूप • (kūpa) stem, m

1. mooring post, mast

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कूप (kūpa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कूपः kūpaḥ	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kūpau / kūpā¹	कूपाः / कूपासः¹ kūpāḥ / kūpāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कूप kūpa	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kūpau / kūpā¹	कूपाः / कूपासः¹ kūpāḥ / kūpāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कूपम् kūpam	कूपौ / कूपा¹ kūpau / kūpā¹	कूपान् kūpān
Instrumental	कूपेन kūpena	कूपाभ्याम् kūpābhyām	कूपैः / कूपेभिः¹ kūpaiḥ / kūpebhiḥ¹
Dative	कूपाय kūpāya	कूपाभ्याम् kūpābhyām	कूपेभ्यः kūpebhyaḥ
Ablative	कूपात् kūpāt	कूपाभ्याम् kūpābhyām	कूपेभ्यः kūpebhyaḥ
Genitive	कूपस्य kūpasya	कूपयोः kūpayoḥ	कूपानाम् kūpānām
Locative	कूपे kūpe	कूपयोः kūpayoḥ	कूपेषु kūpeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• कूपक (kūpaka)

Descendants

• Pali: kūpa, kūpaka
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀬 (kūvaya)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ކުނބު (kuᵐbu)
      • Sinhalese: කුඹ (kuᵐba)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कूप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kupa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 176