mast
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: mäst, IPA(key): /mɑːst/
- (US, Canada, Northern England) IPA(key): /mæst/
- Homophone: massed (/mæst/)
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
- Rhymes: -æst
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin mālus, Russian мо́ст (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.
Noun edit
mast (plural masts)
- (nautical, communication, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter). [from 9th c.]
- (naval) A non-judicial punishment ("NJP"); a disciplinary hearing under which a commanding officer studies and disposes of cases involving those under his command. [from 17th c.]
Hyponyms edit
(tall, slim post on a ship):
- cage mast
- foremast
- lattice mast
- mainmast
- military mast
- mizzenmast
- pagoda mast
- pole mast
- topmast
- tripod mast
Derived terms edit
- admiral's mast
- before the mast
- captain's mast
- flag mast
- foremast
- half-mast
- jiggermast
- jury mast
- lash oneself to the mast
- mainmast
- mast bumping
- mast-cell
- mast climbing
- mast coat
- masthead
- mastless
- meritorious mast
- mizzen-mast
- nail one's colors to the mast
- nail one's colours to the mast
- royal mast
- spankermast
- tie oneself to the mast
Translations edit
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Verb edit
mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)
- To supply and fit a mast to (a ship). [from 16th c.]
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old English mæst (“fallen nuts, food for swine”) and mæstan (“to fatten”), from West Germanic; probably related to meat.
Noun edit
mast (countable and uncountable, plural masts)
- The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals. [from 10th c.]
- c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]:
- She shut them straight in sties, and gave them meat: / Oak-mast, and beech, and cornel fruit, they eat,
- 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 93, lines 755–756:
- The Winter comes, and then the falling Maſt, / For greedy Swine, provides a full repaſt.
- 1715, Robert South, “A Sermon on Proverbs i. 32.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached at Several Times, and upon Several Occasions, volume IV, London: […] G. James, for Jonah Bowyer […], →OCLC, pages 73–74:
- [T]hey feed and grovel like Swine under an Oak, filling themſelves with the Maſt, but never ſo much as looking up, either to the Bows that bore, or the Hands that ſhook it down.
- 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 162:
- He […] would begin to pick up the seed-cases or mast, squeeze each one with his fingers to see if it were fertile, and drop it if it were not.
- c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]:
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Verb edit
mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)
- (of swine and other animals) To feed on forest seed or fruit.
- (agriculture, forestry, ecology, of a population of plants) To produce a very large quantity of fruit or seed in certain years but not others.
- 1985, Michael Fenner, Seed ecology[1], page 33:
- Any individual tree which masted in a generally non-mast year would be subjected to the exclusive attention of the seed predators and so would be selected against.
- 2004, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Christian Körner, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Forest Diversity and Function: Temperate and Boreal Systems[2], page 28:
- However, if this were true, all or most masting species (e.g., Fagus and Quercus) in a forest would have to mast in synchrony to be effective against generalist herbivores.
- 2008, Chris Rowthorn, Muhammad Cohen, China Williams, Borneo[3], page 50:
- Because dipterocarp seeds are winged and spin gracefully as they fall, the dispersal of millions of dipterocarp seeds during a masting event is one of the greatest spectacles that you can see on planet Earth.
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
mast (uncountable)
- (bodybuilding slang) The anabolic steroid Drostanolone propionate, also known as Masteron
Etymology 4 edit
From French masse, with -t probably after Etymology 1, above.
Noun edit
mast (plural masts)
- (obsolete, billiards) A type of heavy cue, with the broad end of which one strikes the ball. [18th–19th c.]
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:
- Godfrey thus conquered, pretended to lose his temper, curs'd his own ill luck, swore that the table had a cast, and that the balls did not run true, changed his mast, and with great warmth challenged his enemy to double his sum.
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech mast, from Proto-Slavic *mastь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mast f
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- mastička f
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle Low German mast.
Noun edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch mast, from Old Dutch *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.
Noun edit
mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)
- mast (pole on a ship, to which sails can be rigged)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Dutch mast, from the root of met (“meat”), similar to German Mast.
Noun edit
mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)
Anagrams edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From either Middle Low German mast or German Mast.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mast (genitive masti, partitive masti)
- mast
- (card games) suit
- (poker) flush
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | mast | mastid |
accusative | masti | mastid |
genitive | masti | mastide |
partitive | masti | maste mastisid |
illative | masti mastisse |
mastidesse mastesse |
inessive | mastis | mastides mastes |
elative | mastist | mastidest mastest |
allative | mastile | mastidele mastele |
adessive | mastil | mastidel mastel |
ablative | mastilt | mastidelt mastelt |
translative | mastiks | mastideks masteks |
terminative | mastini | mastideni |
essive | mastina | mastidena |
abessive | mastita | mastideta |
comitative | mastiga | mastidega |
Compounds edit
Descendants edit
- → Ingrian: mašti
Middle English edit
Adjective edit
mast
- Alternative form of mased
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
mast m (plural masts)
- mast (structure found on watercraft)
Descendants edit
- French: mât
Northern Kurdish edit
Noun edit
mast m
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German mast (“mast”).
Noun edit
mast f or m (definite singular masta or masten, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
mast
- past participle of mase
References edit
- “mast” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German mast.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mast f (definite singular masta, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)
References edit
- “mast” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mastь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mast f
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | mast | masti | masti |
genitive | masti | masťú | mastí |
dative | masti | mastma | mastem |
accusative | mast | masti | masti |
vocative | masti | masti | masti |
locative | masti | masťú | mastech |
instrumental | masťú | mastma | mastmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Czech: mast
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “mast”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
mast oblique singular, m (oblique plural maz or matz, nominative singular maz or matz, nominative plural mast)
- mast (structure found on watercraft)
Descendants edit
Old Frisian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *maist, from Proto-Germanic *maist, *maistaz. Cognates include Old English mǣst and Old Saxon mēst.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
māst
Adverb edit
māst
Descendants edit
References edit
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mastь (Russian масть (mastʹ), Polish maść). Compare mazati.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mȃst f (Cyrillic spelling ма̑ст)
Declension edit
References edit
- “mast” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German mast, from Old Saxon *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast.
Noun edit
mast c
Declension edit
Declension of mast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mast | masten | master | masterna |
Genitive | masts | mastens | masters | masternas |
References edit
Anagrams edit
Zazaki edit
Noun edit
mast n
- yoghurt (a milk-based product thickened by a bacterium-aided curdling process)