ग्राम
Hindi edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma).
Noun edit
ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)
Declension edit
Declension of ग्राम (masc cons-stem)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)
Declension edit
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- গ্ৰাম (Assamese script)
- ᬕ᭄ᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
- গ্রাম (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဂြာမ (Burmese script)
- ગ્રામ (Gujarati script)
- ਗੑਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦿꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಗ್ರಾಮ (Kannada script)
- គ្រាម (Khmer script)
- ຄ຺ຣາມ (Lao script)
- ഗ്രാമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଗ୍ରାମ (Odia script)
- ꢔ꣄ꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ග්රාම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
- க்³ராம (Tamil script)
- గ్రామ (Telugu script)
- คฺราม (Thai script)
- གྲཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (grāmag, “property, wealth”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ग्राम • (grāma) stem, m
- an inhabited place, village, hamlet, settlement
- the collective inhabitants of place, community, race
- any number of men associated together, multitude, troop (especially of soldiers)
- the old women of a family
- a multitude, class, collection, number
- a number of tones, scale, gamut
- indriya
- inhabitants, people
Declension edit
| Masculine a-stem declension of ग्राम (grā́ma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ग्रामः grā́maḥ |
ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹ |
ग्रामाः / ग्रामासः¹ grā́māḥ / grā́māsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | ग्राम grā́ma |
ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹ |
ग्रामाः / ग्रामासः¹ grā́māḥ / grā́māsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | ग्रामम् grā́mam |
ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹ |
ग्रामान् grā́mān |
| Instrumental | ग्रामेण grā́meṇa |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām |
ग्रामैः / ग्रामेभिः¹ grā́maiḥ / grā́mebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | ग्रामाय grā́māya |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām |
ग्रामेभ्यः grā́mebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ग्रामात् grā́māt |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām |
ग्रामेभ्यः grā́mebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ग्रामस्य grā́masya |
ग्रामयोः grā́mayoḥ |
ग्रामाणाम् grā́māṇām |
| Locative | ग्रामे grā́me |
ग्रामयोः grā́mayoḥ |
ग्रामेषु grā́meṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun edit
ग्राम • (grāma) stem, n
Declension edit
| Neuter a-stem declension of ग्राम (grāma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ग्रामम् grāmam |
ग्रामे grāme |
ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹ |
| Vocative | ग्राम grāma |
ग्रामे grāme |
ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹ |
| Accusative | ग्रामम् grāmam |
ग्रामे grāme |
ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹ |
| Instrumental | ग्रामेण grāmeṇa |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām |
ग्रामैः / ग्रामेभिः¹ grāmaiḥ / grāmebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | ग्रामाय grāmāya |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām |
ग्रामेभ्यः grāmebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ग्रामात् grāmāt |
ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām |
ग्रामेभ्यः grāmebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ग्रामस्य grāmasya |
ग्रामयोः grāmayoḥ |
ग्रामाणाम् grāmāṇām |
| Locative | ग्रामे grāme |
ग्रामयोः grāmayoḥ |
ग्रामेषु grāmeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants edit
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma)
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma) (see there for further descendants)
- Bengali: গাঁ (gā)
- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (gram)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lām)
- Grangali: [script needed] (lām)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (gā̃)
- Kalami: [script needed] (lām)
- Kalasha: grom
- Khowar: [script needed] (gram) (in compounds)
- Kashmiri: گام (gām)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lāma)
- Phalura: [script needed] (grōm)
- Savi: [script needed] (grām)
- Shina: [script needed] (gām)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (lām)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lām)
- Torwali: [script needed] (gām)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (gām)
- Pali: gāma
- → Tamil: கிராமம் (kirāmam)
- → Assamese: গ্ৰাম (gram) (learned)
- → Bengali: গ্রাম (gram) (learned)
- → Rohingya: gram
- → Hindi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮ (grāma) (learned)
- → Marathi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
- → Punjabi: ਗਰਾਮ (garām) (learned)
- → Telugu: గ్రామము (grāmamu) (learned)
- → Bengali: গেরাম (geram) (semi-learned)
- → Sylheti: ꠉꠦꠞꠣꠝ (geram) (semi-learned)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “ग्राम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0373/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 507-508
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “grāˊma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press