चकार
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
Noun
editचकार m
- Devanagari script form of cakāra (“the letter 'c'”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1] (overall work in Pali), page 11; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बो ति इच्चेसो सद्दो सरे परे क्वचि चकारं पप्पोति
- Sabbo ti icceso saddo sare pare kvaci cakāraṃ pappoti.
- For all 'ti', this sound sometimes becomes 'c' before another vowel.
Declension
editDeclension table of "चकार" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | चकारो (cakāro) | चकारा (cakārā) |
Accusative (second) | चकारं (cakāraṃ) | चकारे (cakāre) |
Instrumental (third) | चकारेन (cakārena) | चकारेहि (cakārehi) or चकारेभि (cakārebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | चकारस्स (cakārassa) or चकाराय (cakārāya) or चकारत्थं (cakāratthaṃ) | चकारानं (cakārānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | चकारस्मा (cakārasmā) or चकारम्हा (cakāramhā) or चकारा (cakārā) | चकारेहि (cakārehi) or चकारेभि (cakārebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | चकारस्स (cakārassa) | चकारानं (cakārānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | चकारस्मिं (cakārasmiṃ) or चकारम्हि (cakāramhi) or चकारे (cakāre) | चकारेसु (cakāresu) |
Vocative (calling) | चकार (cakāra) | चकारा (cakārā) |
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- চকাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- চকার (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- စကာရ (Burmese script)
- ચકાર (Gujarati script)
- ਚਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಚಕಾರ (Kannada script)
- ចការ (Khmer script)
- ຈກາຣ (Lao script)
- ചകാര (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଚକାର (Odia script)
- ꢗꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- චකාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- சகார (Tamil script)
- చకార (Telugu script)
- จการ (Thai script)
- ཙ་ཀཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakā́ra, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakā́ra, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-kʷór-e.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editचकार • (cakā́ra) third-singular indicative (type U, perfect, root कृ)
Conjugation
editPerfect: चकार (cakā́ra), चक्रे (cakré) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | चकार cakā́ra |
चक्रतुः cakrátuḥ |
चक्रुः cakrúḥ |
चक्रे cakré |
चक्राते cakrā́te |
चक्रिरे cakriré |
Second | चकर्थ cakártha |
चक्रथुः cakráthuḥ |
चक्र cakrá |
चकृषे cakṛṣé |
चक्राथे cakrā́the |
चकृध्वे cakṛdhvé |
First | चकर / चकार cakára / cakā́ra |
चकृव cakṛvá |
चकृम cakṛmá |
चक्रे cakré |
चकृवहे cakṛváhe |
चकृमहे cakṛmáhe |
Participles | ||||||
चकृवांस् cakṛvā́ṃs |
चक्राण cakrāṇá |
The second-singular perfect optative चक्रियाः (cakriyāḥ) occurs in Rigveda 8,45,18.
Of Vedic pluperfect forms occur: अचक्रत् (acakrat, third-singular active), अचक्रिरन् (ácakriran, third-plural middle) and चकरम् (cakaram, augmentless first-singular active).
Further reading
edit- Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2000) Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 134-8
Etymology 2
editCompound of च (ca, the letter) + कार (kāra, term designating a letter or sound).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐˈkɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
editचकार • (cakāra) stem, m
- The name of the Devanagari letter च (ca).
- the sound of the च letter, /t͡ɕɐ/
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of चकार (cakāra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चकारः cakāraḥ |
चकारौ cakārau |
चकाराः cakārāḥ |
Vocative | चकार cakāra |
चकारौ cakārau |
चकाराः cakārāḥ |
Accusative | चकारम् cakāram |
चकारौ cakārau |
चकारान् cakārān |
Instrumental | चकारेण cakāreṇa |
चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām |
चकारैः cakāraiḥ |
Dative | चकाराय cakārāya |
चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām |
चकारेभ्यः cakārebhyaḥ |
Ablative | चकारात् cakārāt |
चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām |
चकारेभ्यः cakārebhyaḥ |
Genitive | चकारस्य cakārasya |
चकारयोः cakārayoḥ |
चकाराणाम् cakārāṇām |
Locative | चकारे cakāre |
चकारयोः cakārayoḥ |
चकारेषु cakāreṣu |
Hypernyms
editCoordinate terms
editpalatal letters and sounds
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “चकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 380, column 1.
Categories:
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali masculine nouns
- Pali terms with quotations
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit ubhayapada verbs
- Sanskrit perfect verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कृ
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit compound terms
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Devanagari letter names