चतुर्थ

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ/, [t͡ʃɐ.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ]

Adjective

चतुर्थ • (caturth) (indeclinable)

1. (literary) fourth

   Synonym: चौथा (cauthā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চতুৰ্থ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬢᬸᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
• চতুর্থ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• စတုရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
• ચતુર્થ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਤੁਰੑਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦠꦸꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ಚತುರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
• ចតុថ៌ (Khmer script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
• ചതുര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
• ଚତୁର୍ଥ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
• චතුර්‍ථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
• சதுர்த² (Tamil script)
• చతుర్థ (Telugu script)
• จตุรฺถ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཏུ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चतुर् (catur)     Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya)     Adverbial: चतुस् (catus)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s (“fourth”) from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέτᾰρτος (tétartos), Proto-Germanic *fedurþô (whence English fourth), Latin quārtus, Old East Slavic четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.tuɾ.tʰɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐˈt̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

Adjective

चतुर्थ • (caturtha) stem

1. fourth
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.13:

     तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥

     tadyasyaivaṃ vidvān vrātyaścaturthīṃ rātrimatithirgṛhe vasati . ye puṇyānāṃ puṇyā lokāstān eva tenāva rundhe .

     He in whose house the wise Vrātya abides on the fourth night secures for himself thereby the holy realms of the Holy.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चतुर्थ (caturthá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चतुर्थः caturtháḥ	चतुर्थौ / चतुर्था¹ caturthaú / caturthā́¹	चतुर्थाः / चतुर्थासः¹ caturthā́ḥ / caturthā́saḥ¹
Vocative	चतुर्थ cáturtha	चतुर्थौ / चतुर्था¹ cáturthau / cáturthā¹	चतुर्थाः / चतुर्थासः¹ cáturthāḥ / cáturthāsaḥ¹
Accusative	चतुर्थम् caturthám	चतुर्थौ / चतुर्था¹ caturthaú / caturthā́¹	चतुर्थान् caturthā́n
Instrumental	चतुर्थेन caturthéna	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थैः / चतुर्थेभिः¹ caturthaíḥ / caturthébhiḥ¹
Dative	चतुर्थाय caturthā́ya	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ
Ablative	चतुर्थात् caturthā́t	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ
Genitive	चतुर्थस्य caturthásya	चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ	चतुर्थानाम् caturthā́nām
Locative	चतुर्थे caturthé	चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ	चतुर्थेषु caturthéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of चतुर्थी (caturthī́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चतुर्थी caturthī́	चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ caturthyaù / caturthī́¹	चतुर्थ्यः / चतुर्थीः¹ caturthyàḥ / caturthī́ḥ¹
Vocative	चतुर्थि cáturthi	चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ cáturthyau / cáturthī¹	चतुर्थ्यः / चतुर्थीः¹ cáturthyaḥ / cáturthīḥ¹
Accusative	चतुर्थीम् caturthī́m	चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ caturthyaù / caturthī́¹	चतुर्थीः caturthī́ḥ
Instrumental	चतुर्थ्या caturthyā́	चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām	चतुर्थीभिः caturthī́bhiḥ
Dative	चतुर्थ्यै caturthyaí	चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām	चतुर्थीभ्यः caturthī́bhyaḥ
Ablative	चतुर्थ्याः / चतुर्थ्यै² caturthyā́ḥ / caturthyaí²	चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām	चतुर्थीभ्यः caturthī́bhyaḥ
Genitive	चतुर्थ्याः / चतुर्थ्यै² caturthyā́ḥ / caturthyaí²	चतुर्थ्योः caturthyóḥ	चतुर्थीनाम् caturthī́nām
Locative	चतुर्थ्याम् caturthyā́m	चतुर्थ्योः caturthyóḥ	चतुर्थीषु caturthī́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of चतुर्थ (caturthá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चतुर्थम् caturthám	चतुर्थे caturthé	चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ caturthā́ni / caturthā́¹
Vocative	चतुर्थ cáturtha	चतुर्थे cáturthe	चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ cáturthāni / cáturthā¹
Accusative	चतुर्थम् caturthám	चतुर्थे caturthé	चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ caturthā́ni / caturthā́¹
Instrumental	चतुर्थेन caturthéna	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थैः / चतुर्थेभिः¹ caturthaíḥ / caturthébhiḥ¹
Dative	चतुर्थाय caturthā́ya	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ
Ablative	चतुर्थात् caturthā́t	चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām	चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ
Genitive	चतुर्थस्य caturthásya	चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ	चतुर्थानाम् caturthā́nām
Locative	चतुर्थे caturthé	चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ	चतुर्थेषु caturthéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (*caturtha)
  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨟𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨠 (caturtha)
• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (*catuttha)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (cottha), 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha) (see there for further descendants)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Old Punjabi: ਚਉਥਾ (cauthā)
      • Punjabi: cauthā

        Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਥਾ

        Shahmukhi script: چَوتھا

  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha) (see there for further descendants)
• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*catuṭṭha)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caüṭṭha)
  • Gandhari: 𐨕𐨡𐨂𐨳 (caduṭ́ha)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caduṭṭha)
• Pali: catuttha
  • → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
• → Assamese: চতুৰ্থ (soturtho)
• → Hindi: चतुर्थ (caturth)
• → Kannada: ಚತುರ್ಥ (caturtha)

Further reading

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “चतुर्थ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “चतुर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 385.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “caturthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249