जड

See also: जड़, जाड़ा, जाडो, जूड़ा, जोड, जोड़, जोडा, जोड़ा, जोडी, and जोड़ी

Konkani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡zəɖ]

Adjective

जड • (jaḍ) (Latin script zodd, Kannada script ಜಡ್)

1. heavy

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘚 (jaḍa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa), from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa). Related to जाड (jāḍ), जाडे (jāḍe, “thick, stout, fat”). Compare Gujarati જડ (jaḍ), Hindustani جَڑ (jaṛ) / जड़ (jaṛ), Sindhi جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu), Odia ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa), Bengali জড় (joṛ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡zəɖ/

Adjective

जड • (j̈aḍ)

1. heavy
2. sluggish

   जीभ जड होणे ― jībh j̈aḍ hoṇe ― to have unclear articulation (literally, “tongue to become sluggish”)

3. difficult

   जड जाणे ― j̈aḍ j̈āṇe ― to be difficult (literally, “to go difficult”)

4. (of water) hard (with a high concentration of dissolved minerals)

   जड पाणी ― j̈aḍ pāṇī ― hard water

5. inanimate

Derived terms

• अवजड (avj̈aḍ)
• बोजड (boj̈aḍ)

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “जड”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Raeside, Ian Matthew Paton, Nemade, Bhalchandra Vanaji (1991) Marathi Reading Course, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, page 188
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “जड”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “जड”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জড (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬟ (Balinese script)
• জড (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀟 (Brahmi script)
• ဇဍ (Burmese script)
• જડ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਡ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌡 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦝ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂙 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಡ (Kannada script)
• ជឌ (Khmer script)
• ຊຑ (Lao script)
• ജഡ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘚 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐜 (Newa script)
• ଜଡ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢞ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆝 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖚 (Siddham script)
• ජඩ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩨 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚖 (Takri script)
• ஜட³ (Tamil script)
• జడ (Telugu script)
• ชฑ (Thai script)
• ཛ་ཌ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain.

• According to Turner, probably of substrate origin.
• According to proponents of Fortunatov's law, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gel-d-os via Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́alḍás. In this case, related to Vedic जळ्हु (jáḷhu, “dull”), जल् (jal, “to be stiff or dull”), and cognate with English cold and Latin gelidus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ/

Adjective

जड • (jaḍá) stem

1. cold, frigid
2. stiff, torpid
3. stupid, dull

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जड

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जडः (jaḍáḥ)	जडौ (jaḍaú) जडा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	जडाः (jaḍā́ḥ) जडासः¹ (jaḍā́saḥ¹)
accusative	जडम् (jaḍám)	जडौ (jaḍaú) जडा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	जडान् (jaḍā́n)
instrumental	जडेन (jaḍéna)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडैः (jaḍaíḥ) जडेभिः¹ (jaḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	जडाय (jaḍā́ya)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडेभ्यः (jaḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	जडात् (jaḍā́t)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडेभ्यः (jaḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	जडस्य (jaḍásya)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडानाम् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	जडे (jaḍé)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडेषु (jaḍéṣu)
vocative	जड (jáḍa)	जडौ (jáḍau) जडा¹ (jáḍā¹)	जडाः (jáḍāḥ) जडासः¹ (jáḍāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जडा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जडा (jaḍā́)	जडे (jaḍé)	जडाः (jaḍā́ḥ)
accusative	जडाम् (jaḍā́m)	जडे (jaḍé)	जडाः (jaḍā́ḥ)
instrumental	जडया (jaḍáyā) जडा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडाभिः (jaḍā́bhiḥ)
dative	जडायै (jaḍā́yai)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडाभ्यः (jaḍā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	जडायाः (jaḍā́yāḥ) जडायै² (jaḍā́yai²)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडाभ्यः (jaḍā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	जडायाः (jaḍā́yāḥ) जडायै² (jaḍā́yai²)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडानाम् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	जडायाम् (jaḍā́yām)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडासु (jaḍā́su)
vocative	जडे (jáḍe)	जडे (jáḍe)	जडाः (jáḍāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जड

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जडम् (jaḍám)	जडे (jaḍé)	जडानि (jaḍā́ni) जडा¹ (jaḍā́¹)
accusative	जडम् (jaḍám)	जडे (jaḍé)	जडानि (jaḍā́ni) जडा¹ (jaḍā́¹)
instrumental	जडेन (jaḍéna)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडैः (jaḍaíḥ) जडेभिः¹ (jaḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	जडाय (jaḍā́ya)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडेभ्यः (jaḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	जडात् (jaḍā́t)	जडाभ्याम् (jaḍā́bhyām)	जडेभ्यः (jaḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	जडस्य (jaḍásya)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडानाम् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	जडे (jaḍé)	जडयोः (jaḍáyoḥ)	जडेषु (jaḍéṣu)
vocative	जड (jáḍa)	जडे (jáḍe)	जडानि (jáḍāni) जडा¹ (jáḍā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अजड (ajaḍa)
• जडता (jaḍatā)
• जडत्व (jaḍatva)
• जडभाव (jaḍabhāva)
• जडयति (jaḍayati, “makes without feeling for, renders weak”)
• जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative)

Descendants

• Pali: jaḷa (“dull, stupid”)
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa, “lifeless, foolish, cold”), 𑀚𑀮 n (jala, “coldness”), 𑀚𑀟𑁆𑀟 (jaḍḍa, “weak”)
  • Gujarati: જડ (jaḍ)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: जड़ (jaṛ)
    • Urdu: جَڑ (jaṛ)
  • Sindhi: جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu)
  • Odia: ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa)
  • Bengali: জড় (joṛ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press