gelu

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese gelo. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu.

Noun

gelu

1. ice

Latin

Alternative forms

• gelus, gelum

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡe.luː/, [ˈɡɛɫ̪uː] or IPA^(key): /ˈɡe.lu/, [ˈɡɛɫ̪ʊ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒe.lu/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːlu]

Noun

gelū̆ n sg (genitive gelūs or gelū); fourth declension

1. frost
   • 15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736:

     Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. cold, chill

Declension

Fourth-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

	singular
nominative	gelū̆1
genitive	gelūs2 gelū3
dative	gelū4 geluī2
accusative	gelū̆1
ablative	gelū4
vocative	gelū̆1

¹The length of the final vowel is uncertain in the nominative/accusative/vocative singular; Martianus Capella considers it to end with -ū, while Servius considers it to end with -ŭ.
²According to Martianus Capella.
³According to Servius.
⁴According to both.

Derived terms

• gelidus
• gelō

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: dzer
  • Romanian: ger
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)
    • → Neapolitan: gelo
  • Neapolitan: jélo
  • Sicilian: jelu
• North Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù
    • Old Ligurian: zer
      • Ligurian: zêo
    • Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild
    • Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel
  • Venetan: geło, xeło
• Gallo-Romance:
  • French: gel
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: gel
  • Occitan: gèl, gèu

    Auvergnat: gial, giau

    Limousin: giau

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: chelo
  • Asturian: xelu, xilu
  • Galician: xeo
  • Leonese: xelu, xielu
  • Spanish: hielo
    • → Tagalog: yelo
• Sardinian:
  • ghelu, belu, gelu
• Borrowings:
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)
    • Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gelu in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be numb with cold: frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere
    

Old Saxon

Adjective

gelu

1. Alternative form of gelo