श्वन्
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- শ্বন্ (Assamese script)
- ᬰ᭄ᬯᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
- শ্বন্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ၐွန် (Burmese script)
- શ્વન્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼੍ਵਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦯ꧀ꦮꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಶ್ವೝ (Kannada script)
- ឝ្វន៑ (Khmer script)
- ຨ຺ວນ຺ (Lao script)
- ശ്വന് (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠣᠸᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠱᢦᠨ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଶ୍ଵନ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢯ꣄ꢮꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ශ්වන් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஶ்வந் (Tamil script)
- శ్వౝ (Telugu script)
- ศฺวนฺ (Thai script)
- ཤྭ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”), Latin canis (“dog”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 (span, “dog”), Lithuanian šuo, Old Armenian շուն (šun), Old English hund (whence English hound).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
श्वन् • (śván) stem, m (feminine शुनी)
- a dog; hound; cur
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.39.4:
- ना॒वेव॑ नः पारयतं यु॒गेव॒ नभ्ये॑व न उप॒धीव॑ प्र॒धीव॑ ।
श्वाने॑व नो॒ अरि॑षण्या त॒नूनां॒ खृग॑लेव वि॒स्रसः॑ पातम॒स्मान् ॥- nāvéva naḥ pārayatam yugéva nábhyeva na upadhī́va pradhī́va.
śvā́neva no áriṣaṇyā tanū́nām khṛ́galeva visrásaḥ pātamasmā́n. - Save us like two ships; be like yokes, spokes, and fellies unto us;
Like two unfailing dogs unto our bodies; and like two staves keep us from falling.
- nāvéva naḥ pārayatam yugéva nábhyeva na upadhī́va pradhī́va.
- ना॒वेव॑ नः पारयतं यु॒गेव॒ नभ्ये॑व न उप॒धीव॑ प्र॒धीव॑ ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.70.70:
- प्रतिघातेन सान्त्वस्य दारुणं संप्रवर्तते ।
तच्छुनाम्इव गोपादे पण्डितैरुपलक्षितम् ॥- pratighātena sāntvasya dāruṇaṃ saṃpravartate.
tacchunāmiva gopāde paṇḍitairupalakṣitam. - With the failure of appeasement, hostility ensues;
This is observed by the wise in a gopāda (brawl?) of dog-like men.
- pratighātena sāntvasya dāruṇaṃ saṃpravartate.
- प्रतिघातेन सान्त्वस्य दारुणं संप्रवर्तते ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 17.3.7:
- अयं श्वा भूतभव्येश भक्तो मां नित्यमेव ह ।
स गच्छेत मया सार्धमानृशंस्या हि मे मतिः ॥- ayaṃ śvā bhūtabhavyeśa bhakto māṃ nityameva ha.
sa gaccheta mayā sārdhamānṛśaṃsyā hi me matiḥ. - O master of past and present, this dog has been constantly loyal to me like no other.
Let him go with me side by side, for the sake of my care (for his wellbeing).
- ayaṃ śvā bhūtabhavyeśa bhakto māṃ nityameva ha.
- अयं श्वा भूतभव्येश भक्तो मां नित्यमेव ह ।
Declension edit
Masculine an-stem declension of श्वन् (śván) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | श्वा śvā́ |
श्वानौ / श्वाना¹ śvā́nau / śvā́nā¹ |
श्वानः śvā́naḥ |
Vocative | श्वन् śván |
श्वानौ / श्वाना¹ śvā́nau / śvā́nā¹ |
श्वानः śvā́naḥ |
Accusative | श्वानम् śvā́nam |
श्वानौ / श्वाना¹ śvā́nau / śvā́nā¹ |
शुनः śúnaḥ |
Instrumental | शुना śúnā |
श्वभ्याम् śvábhyām |
श्वभिः śvábhiḥ |
Dative | शुने śúne |
श्वभ्याम् śvábhyām |
श्वभ्यः śvábhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुनः śúnaḥ |
श्वभ्याम् śvábhyām |
श्वभ्यः śvábhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुनः śúnaḥ |
शुनोः śúnoḥ |
शुनाम् śúnām |
Locative | शुनि śúni |
शुनोः śúnoḥ |
श्वसु śvásu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ī-stem declension of शुनी (śunī́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुनी śunī́ |
शुन्यौ / शुनी¹ śunyaù / śunī́¹ |
शुन्यः / शुनीः¹ śunyàḥ / śunī́ḥ¹ |
Vocative | शुनि śúni |
शुन्यौ / शुनी¹ śúnyau / śúnī¹ |
शुन्यः / शुनीः¹ śúnyaḥ / śúnīḥ¹ |
Accusative | शुनीम् śunī́m |
शुन्यौ / शुनी¹ śunyaù / śunī́¹ |
शुनीः śunī́ḥ |
Instrumental | शुन्या śunyā́ |
शुनीभ्याम् śunī́bhyām |
शुनीभिः śunī́bhiḥ |
Dative | शुन्यै śunyaí |
शुनीभ्याम् śunī́bhyām |
शुनीभ्यः śunī́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुन्याः / शुन्यै² śunyā́ḥ / śunyaí² |
शुनीभ्याम् śunī́bhyām |
शुनीभ्यः śunī́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुन्याः / शुन्यै² śunyā́ḥ / śunyaí² |
शुन्योः śunyóḥ |
शुनीनाम् śunī́nām |
Locative | शुन्याम् śunyā́m |
शुन्योः śunyóḥ |
शुनीषु śunī́ṣu |
Notes |
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Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śvan”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “श्वन्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 323
- Monier Williams (1899) “श्वन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105/1.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “श्वन्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1580