Proto-Norse edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *isti, the third person singular present indicative of *wesaną.

Verb edit

ᛁᛊᛏ (ist) (3rd singular present indicative)

  1. [he/she/it] is
    • c. 5th century, Vetteland stone (N KJ60, NIæR39)
      [ ]ᚠᛚᚨᚷᛞᚨᚠᚨᛁᚲᛁᚾᚨᛉᛁᛊᛏ ¶ [ ]ᛗᚨᚷᛟᛉᛗᛁᚾᚨᛊᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨ ¶ [ ]ᛞᚨᛉᚠᚨᛁᚺᛁᛞᛟ
      [ ]flagdafaikinazist ¶ [ ]magozminasstaina ¶ [ ]dazfaihido
      flagdafaikinaz ist ¶ magōz mīnas staina ¶ [Ek, -]daz faihidō
      is menaced by fiends. ¶ [I, N.N., set] my son's stone. ¶ [I, -]daz, painted.

Inflection edit

The following forms are attested:

  • 3rd singular present indicativeᛁᛊᛏ (ist /⁠ist⁠/)
  • 3rd singular past indicativeᚹᚨᛊ (was /⁠was⁠/)

Descendants edit

  • Old Norse: es, later er
    • Icelandic: er
    • Faroese: er
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: er
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: er
    • Jamtish: er
    • Elfdalian: ir
    • Old Swedish: ær
    • Danish: er
    • Old Gutnish: ier