ir

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ir"

Alemannic GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German ir, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a variant of *jūz.

PronunciationEdit

(Zurich) IPA^(key): /ir/

PronounEdit

ir

you (plural)

DeclensionEdit

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
2nd person singular	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

AragoneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Akin to Spanish ir, from Latin īre.

ChuukeseEdit

PronounEdit

ir

them

Related termsEdit

Chuukese personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person	een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person	iiy, i	iir, ir

DanishEdit

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:

ir

Wikipedia ^da

EtymologyEdit

Either the old word for "copper" or some derivation from it: Old Danish eer (“copper”), Old Norse eir, from Proto-Germanic *aiz.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ˈiɐ̯], [ˈiɐ̯ˀ]

NounEdit

ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)

verdigris

ElfdalianEdit

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese ir, from Latin īre, present active infinitive of eō; the forms beginning with V from corresponding forms of vādō; the forms beginning with F from the corresponding forms of sum (see Latin fui).

VerbEdit

ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle ido)

to go
to work, function, run
—Vai ou non vai? —Non vai.
Does that work or does it not work? No, it doesn't work.

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ir (irregular)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			ir
gerund			indo
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		ido		idos
		feminine		ida		idas
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
	present	vou	vas	vai	imos	ides	van
	imperfect	ía	ías	ía	iamos	iades	ían
	preterite	fun	fuches	foi	fomos	fostes	foron
	pluperfect	fora	foras	fora	foramos	forades	foran
	future	irei	irás	irá	iremos	iredes	irán
	conditional	iría	irías	iría	iriamos	iriades	irían
subjunctive		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
	present	vaia	vaias	vaia	vaiamos	vaiades	vaian
	preterite	fose	foses	fose	fósemos	fósedes	fosen
	future	for	fores	for	formos	fordes	foren
imperative		—	ti	Vde.	nós	vós	Vdes.
	affirmative	—	vai	vaia	vamos	ide	vaian
	negative	—	vaias	vaia	vamos	vaiades	vaian
personal infinitive		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
personal infinitive		ir	ires	ir	irmos	irdes	iren

Derived termsEdit

ir fóra

ReferencesEdit

“ir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“ir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“ir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“ir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

InterlinguaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin īre, active present infinitive of eō; which its conjugation also influenced by French aller (present indicatives vais, vas, va, and vont all from Latin vadō).

VerbEdit

ir

to go

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ir

participle		present	perfect
infinitive		ir
participle		iente	ite
active		simple	perfect
	present	i, va	ha ite
	past	iva	habeva ite
	future	ira	habera ite
	conditional	irea	haberea ite
	imperative	i

AntonymsEdit

venir

KaeraEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Alor–Pantar *jira.

NounEdit

ir

water

ReferencesEdit

Gary Holton and Laura Robinson, The Internal History of the Alor-Pantar language family, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
Marian Klamer, One item, many faces: ‘come’ in Teiwa (2010, in wing & Klamer) and Kaera (2014, in Schapper)
Gary Holton, Marian Klamer, František Kratochvíl, Laura C. Robinson, Antoinette Schapper, The Historical Relations of the Papuan Languages of Alor and Pantar, Oceanic Linguistics 2012:1

LatgalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Shortened form of irā, from Proto-Baltic *irā. Akin to Latvian ir.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ir/
Hyphenation: ir

VerbEdit

ir

third-person indicative present of byut

Usage notesEdit

ir is mostly used in unstressed positions, while irā is mostly common for stressed positions in the sentence.

ReferencesEdit

Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 48

LatinEdit

Alternative formsEdit

hir

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).

PronunciationEdit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ir/, [ɪr]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ir/, [ir]

NounEdit

ir n sg (indeclinable, no genitive)

(rare, anatomy) hand

DeclensionEdit

Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular, singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	ir
Genitive	—
Dative	—
Accusative	ir
Ablative	—
Vocative	—

SynonymsEdit

(hand): manus

ReferencesEdit

“ir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ir in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

LatvianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ir]

VerbEdit

ir

(he, she, it) is; 3rd person singular present indicative form of būt
(they) are; 3rd person plural present indicative form of būt
(with the particle lai) let (him, her, it) be; 3rd person singular imperative form of būt
(with the particle lai) let them be; 3rd person plural imperative form of būt

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).^[1]

ConjunctionEdit

ir

additive conjunction used to join several similar sentence elements, indicating their similar nature: both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ...
gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt ― one wanted both to laugh and to cry

nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie ― both the young and the old came

tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši ― at that time, both the father and the mother had died

tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna ― that was a brave, fun (lit. interesting) and pretty girl, who knew how to be both cheerful and serious

nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī ― the night is like the night (= as usual): the moon shines and also in the distance silent lightning flashes

SynonymsEdit

kā ... tā ...
gan ... gan ...

ParticleEdit

ir

used to mark connection and emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī
Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies ― Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart

Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline
used to mark emphasis, to reinforce; syn. pat: really, even
tas viņam ir prātā nenāk ― that doesn't even come to his mind

krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti ― really sleeping at night in the bushes, he appeared rarely in the city

SynonymsEdit

arī
pat

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ir”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

LithuanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“and, also”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“and, even”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, so”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “so, then, consequently”). If the original meaning was "fittingly, accordingly", the root may be identical to *h₂er- (“fit together”), see artì (“near”) for more.

Proto-Slavic *i (“and, even”) is probably not related.

ConjunctionEdit

ir̃

(coordinating, cumulative) and, too
(coordinating, illative) and, so
Bùvo gražùs óras, ir̃ mẽs nùtarėme keliáuti. - the weather was nice, and (=so) we decided to travel.
(coordinating, correlative) both … and …

ParticleEdit

ir̃

(emphatic) even, and
Mán ir̃ tõ nepavỹko padarýt! - I didn't even manage that!
(emphatic) exactly, just, precisely
Jìs ir̃ yrà tàs žmogùs, apiẽ kùrį kal̃bame. - It's him that we're talking about
(interrogative) and, so
Nà, ir̃ kàs! - So what!

Related termsEdit

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Compare German ihr.

PronounEdit

ir

ye, you (plural) (only in Southeastern texts)

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

DeterminerEdit

ir

Alternative form of hire (“her”)

PronounEdit

ir

Alternative form of hire (“hers”)

Etymology 2Edit

PronounEdit

ir

Alternative form of hire (“her”)

MòchenoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.

PronounEdit

ir

you (plural)

InflectionEdit

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

ReferencesEdit

“ir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Old High GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ier, er, aer, gi

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

PronounEdit

ir

you (second-person plural pronoun)
(polite) you (second-person singular pronoun)
- late 9th century, Otfrid of Weissenburg, Letter to Bishop Salomo of Constance v. 5-7:
  Lékza ih therara búachi / iu sentu in suábo richi,
  thaz ir irkíaset ubar ál, / oba siu frúma wesan scal;
  Oba ir hiar fíndet iawiht thés / thaz wírdig ist thes lésannes:
  I send to you in Swabia the selection of books,
  so that you can decide above all if it will be useful;
  [and] if you find here something that is worthy of being read.
  (quoted in and tr. by Horst J. Simon in Taavitsainen & Jucker 2003:88)

Usage notesEdit

Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.

InflectionEdit

Old High German personal pronouns
Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
Singular	First		ih (ihha, ihcha)	mīn	mir	mih
	Second		dū	dīn	dir	dih
	Third	Masculine	er (her)	(sīn)	imu, imo	inan, in
		Feminine	siu; sī, si	ira (iru, iro)	iru, iro	sia
		Neuter	iz	es, is	imu, imo	iz
Plural	First		wir	unsēr	uns	unsih
	Second		ir	iuwēr	iu	iuwih
	Third	Masculine	sie	iro	im, in	sie
		Feminine	sio	iro	im, in	sio
		Neuter	siu	iro	im, in	siu
Polite form	Second		ir	iuwēr	iu	iuwih

DescendantsEdit

Middle High German: ir
- Alemannic German: ir
- Bavarian:
  - Cimbrian: iar, iart
  - Mòcheno: ir
- Central Franconian: ühr, ihr, dihr (d- from verb ending by rebracketing)
  - Hunsrik: deer
  - Luxembourgish: dir
- German: ihr
- Rhine Franconian:
  - Pennsylvania German: dihr
- Yiddish: איר‎ (ir), איהר‎ (ihr)

ReferencesEdit

Armitage, Lionel. (1911) An Introduction to the study of Old High German, p 200.

Old SwedishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ī

EtymologyEdit

From Old East Norse *īʀ (compare West Norse ér), from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of *jūz.

PronounEdit

īr

you (plural)

DeclensionEdit

Old Swedish personal pronouns

singular
	first person	second person	reflexive	third person
				masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	iak, iæk	þū	—	han	hōn	þæt
accusative	mik	þik	sik	han	hana, hōna	þæt
dative	mǣ(r), mik	þǣ(r), þik	sǣ(r), sik	hōnum, hānum	hænni	þȳ, þī
genitive	mīn	þīn	sīn	hans	hænna(r)	þæs
dual
nominative	vit	it	—	—	—	—
accusative	oker	*iker	sik	—	—	—
dative	oker	*iker	sǣr, sik	—	—	—
genitive	okar	*ikar	sīn	—	—	—
plural
nominative	vī(r)	ī(r)	—	þē(r)	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative	os, ōs	iþer	sik	þā	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
dative	os, ōs	iþer	sǣr, sik	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive	vār	iþar	sīn	þēra	þēra	þēra

DescendantsEdit

Swedish: I, ni (← hafven I)

Old WelshEdit

EtymologyEdit

Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ir/

ArticleEdit

ir

(definite article) the
- 9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234:
  ir pimphet eterin
  the fifth bird

DescendantsEdit

Middle Welsh: y, yr, 'r
- Welsh: y, yr, 'r

PortugueseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

hir (obsolete)
yr (obsolete)

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese ir, from Latin īre (from Proto-Italic *eō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginning with V from corresponding forms of vādō; the forms beginning with F from the corresponding forms of sum.

PronunciationEdit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi(ʁ)/ [ˈi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈi(ʁ)/ [ˈi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈiɾ/

Homophone: i, e (with -r dropping)
Hyphenation: ir

VerbEdit

ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)

(intransitive, or transitive with para or a or em or até) to go (to move to a destination)
Vamos a pé?
Do we go on foot?

Eles foram ao centro comercial.
They went to the shopping centre.

Queríamos ir para casa.
We wanted to go home.
(auxiliary, with an infinitive) will; to be going to; forms the future tense
Vou comprar um sapato.
I will buy a shoe.

Nós não íamos fazer nada.
We weren’t going to do anything.
(auxiliary, with a gerund) to keep on; to go on; ~ on; forms the continuative aspect
A água vai escorrendo até acabar.
The water keeps on leaking until it is all gone.
(takes a reflexive pronoun) to go; to leave; to depart
Os homens já se foram todos.
All the men have left already.
(intransitive, or transitive with para or em or a) to attend; to go to (to be present in an event)
Sinto muito, não poderei ir à sua festa.
I’m sorry, I won’t be able to go to your party.
(transitive with até) to go on until; to last to
A batalha foi até as duas da manhã.
The battle went on until two AM.
(intransitive, or transitive with em) to do; to fare (to have a good or bad result)
Fui muito mal em quase todas as provas.
I did very bad in nearly all the tests.
(intransitive) to be doing (formula used in greetings)
“Como vai?” “Vou bem, obrigado.”
“How are you doing?” “I am doing fine, thanks.”
(takes a reflexive pronoun) to be gone (depleted, destroyed; no longer usable)
Porcaria! Minha TV se foi.
Damn it! My TV is gone.
(euphemistic, takes a reflexive pronoun) to leave us; to depart (to die)
Uma oração para os que já se foram.
A prayer for those who have already left us.
(intransitive) to go (to begin an action or process)
Um, dois, três, vai!
One, two, three, go!

O sinal verde ainda não foi!
The green light still didn’t light up.

Vamos!
Get on with it!
(transitive with com) to match; to go with (to form a good combination with)
Este casaco não vai bem com os sapatos.
This jacket doesn't go well with the shoes.
(transitive with com) to like or tolerate someone or something
Parece que ninguém vai comigo.
It seems nobody likes me.
(transitive with por) to follow (to take into account when making choices)
Vai pela razão, não pelos sentimentos.
Follow reason, not feelings.

Se a luz não acender, pode encontrar o livro indo pelo tato.
If the light doesn’t turn on, you can find the book by following your sense of touch.

Vai por mim.
Trust me.
(transitive with de) to range from (to encompass values between two given extremes)
As perguntas iam do fácil ao difícil.
The questions ranged from easy to difficult.
(poker, intransitive) to call (to match the amount of chips in the pot)
- 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, →ISBN, page 29:
  
  Não se ouvia mais nada, além dos ruídos naturais do pôquer. O clicar das fichas. Frases curtas: "Dou cartas." "Vou." "Não vou." "Pago pra ver." "Não é possível!"
  (please add an English translation of this quote)
(reflexive) to depart; to leave
Synonyms: ir embora, sair
(reflexive, euphemistic) to pass away; to depart; to die
Synonyms: falecer, morrer

Usage notesEdit

The use of auxiliary ir with lexical ir (e.g. Eu vou ir para casa “I'm going to go home”) is sometimes proscribed. A single ir (Eu vou para casa, even though this also means the present “I'm going home”) or the future tense form (Eu irei para casa, which is rather formal) can be used instead.

Usually used in the preterite and with the pronoun preceding the verb:

Ele se foi.

He departed.

Elas se foram.

They departed.

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ir
Personal	ir	ires	ir	irmos	irdes	irem
Gerund
	indo
Past participle
Masculine	ido			idos
Feminine	ida			idas
Indicative
Present	vou	vais	vai	vamos	ides	vão
Imperfect	ia	ias	ia	íamos	íeis	iam
Preterite	fui	foste	foi	fomos	fostes	foram
Pluperfect	fora	foras	fora	fôramos	fôreis	foram
Future	irei	irás	irá	iremos	ireis	irão
Conditional
	iria	irias	iria	iríamos	iríeis	iriam
Subjunctive
Present	vá	vás	vá	vamos	vades	vão
Imperfect	fosse	fosses	fosse	fôssemos	fôsseis	fossem
Future	for	fores	for	formos	fordes	forem
Imperative
Affirmative		vai	vá	vamos	ide	vão
Negative (não)		não vás	não vá	não vamos	não vades	não vão

QuotationsEdit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ir.

SynonymsEdit

(go): andar
(leave): partir

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

(Surmiran) eir

EtymologyEdit

From Latin eō, īre, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. The forms beginning with V derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādō. The forms beginning with M presumably derive from corresponding forms of Latin meō.

VerbEdit

ir

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) to go

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ir (Sursilvan)

	singular			plural
infinitive			ir
gerund			mond
past participle			iu
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	mon	vas	va	mein	meis	van
imperfect	evel	evas	eva	evan	evas	evan
future	vegnel a ir	vegns a ir	vegn a ir	vegnin a ir	vegnis a ir	vegnan a ir
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
direct present	mass	masses	mass	massen	masses	massen
indirect present	massi	massies	massi	massien	massies	massien
direct future	vegness a ir	vegnesses a ir	vegness a ir	vegnessen a ir	vegnesses a ir	vegnessen a ir
indirect future	vegnessi a ir	vegnessies a ir	vegnessi a ir	vegnessien a ir	vegnessies a ir	vegnessien a ir
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	mondi	mondies	mondi	meien	meies	mondien
past	evi	evies	evi	evien	evies	evien
future	vegni a ir	vegnies a ir	vegni a ir	vegnîen a ir	vegnîes a ir	vegnien a ir
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
imperative		va			mei

Conjugation of ir (Grischun)

	singular			plural
infinitive			ir
gerund			giond
past participle			ì
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	vom	vas	va	giain	giais	van
imperfect	gieva	gievas	gieva	gievan	gievas	gievan
future	vegnel a ir	vegns a ir	vegn a ir	vegnin a ir	vegnis a ir	vegnan a ir
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	giess	giesses	giess	giessen	giesses	giessen
future	vegness a ir	vegnesses a ir	vegness a ir	vegnessen a ir	vegnesses a ir	vegnessen a ir
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	giaja	giajas	giaja	giajan	giajas	giajan
future	vegni a ir	vegnies a ir	vegni a ir	vegnîen a ir	vegnîes a ir	vegnien a ir
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
imperative		va			giai

ScotsEdit

VerbEdit

ir

(South Scots) Second-person simple present form of to be
(South Scots) Plural simple present form of to be

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

The infinitive and forms beginning with i or y are from Latin īre, present active infinitive of eō (from Proto-Italic *eō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginning with v from corresponding forms of vādō; the forms beginning with f from forms of sum.^[1] Although sum is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, the forms beginning with f- are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-, because they are suppletively provided by fīō.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ˈiɾ/ [ˈiɾ]
Rhymes: -iɾ
Syllabification: ir

VerbEdit

ir (first-person singular present voy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)

(intransitive) to go (away from speaker and listener)
Nos gusta ir al cine.
We like to go to the movies.
(intransitive) to come (towards or with the listener)
Quiero ir contigo.
I want to come with you.

Iré a tu casa.
I'll come to your house.
(auxiliary) to be going to (near future), to go (+ a + infinitive)
Voy a decirle la verdad.
I am going to tell her the truth.
(reflexive) to go away, to leave, to depart, to go (when the destination is not essential; when something or someone is going somewhere else)
Synonyms: andarse, marcharse

Lo siento. Tengo que irme.
I'm sorry. I have to leave.

Él se va a salvar al mundo otra vez.
He's off to save the world again.
(reflexive) to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
(reflexive) to overflow
(reflexive) to go out (lights)
(reflexive) to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
(reflexive) to die
(reflexive, informal) to break wind, to fart
(reflexive, informal) to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
(reflexive, vulgar) to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm

Usage notesEdit

The basic meaning "go" applies to any kind of animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, fly, etc.
The voseo imperative of ir is typically replaced by the imperative of andar, which has the form andá.^[2], though the form i is sometimes used as well.

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ir (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			ir
gerund			yendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		ido		ida
		plural		idos		idas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	voy	vas	va	vamos	vais	van
	imperfect	iba	ibas	iba	íbamos	ibais	iban
	preterite	fui	fuiste	fue	fuimos	fuisteis	fueron
	future	iré	irás	irá	iremos	iréis	irán
	conditional	iría	irías	iría	iríamos	iríais	irían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	vaya	vayas^{^tú} vayás^{^vos²}	vaya	vayamos	vayáis	vayan
	imperfect (ra)	fuera	fueras	fuera	fuéramos	fuerais	fueran
	imperfect (se)	fuese	fueses	fuese	fuésemos	fueseis	fuesen
	future¹	fuere	fueres	fuere	fuéremos	fuereis	fueren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		ve^{^tú} andá^{^vos}	vaya	vamos, vayamos	id	vayan
	negative		no vayas	no vaya	no vayamos	no vayáis	no vayan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of ir (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive ir
	dative	irme	irte	irle, irse	irnos	iros	irles, irse
	accusative	irme	irte	irlo, irla, irse	irnos	iros	irlos, irlas, irse

with gerund yendo
	dative	yéndome	yéndote	yéndole, yéndose	yéndonos	yéndoos	yéndoles, yéndose
	accusative	yéndome	yéndote	yéndolo, yéndola, yéndose	yéndonos	yéndoos	yéndolos, yéndolas, yéndose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative ve
	dative	veme	vete	vele	venos	not used	veles
	accusative	veme	vete	velo, vela	venos	not used	velos, velas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative andá
	dative	andame	andate	andale	andanos	not used	andales
	accusative	andame	andate	andalo, andala	andanos	not used	andalos, andalas

with formal second-person singular imperative vaya
	dative	váyame	not used	váyale, váyase	váyanos	not used	váyales
	accusative	váyame	not used	váyalo, váyala, váyase	váyanos	not used	váyalos, váyalas

with first-person plural imperative vamos, vayamos
	dative	not used	vámoste, vayámoste	vámosle, vayámosle	vámonos, vayámonos	vámoos, vayámoos	vámosles, vayámosles
	accusative	not used	vámoste, vayámoste	vámoslo, vayámoslo, vámosla, vayámosla	vámonos, vayámonos	vámoos, vayámoos	vámoslos, vayámoslos, vámoslas, vayámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative id
	dative	idme	not used	idle	idnos	idos, iros	idles
	accusative	idme	not used	idlo, idla	idnos	idos, iros	idlos, idlas

with formal second-person plural imperative vayan
	dative	váyanme	not used	váyanle	váyannos	not used	váyanles, váyanse
	accusative	váyanme	not used	váyanlo, váyanla	váyannos	not used	váyanlos, váyanlas, váyanse

Conjugation of irse (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			irse
gerund			yéndose
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		ido		ida
		plural		idos		idas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	infinitive	irme	irte	irse	irnos	iros	irse
	gerund	yéndome	yéndote	yéndose	yéndonos	yéndoos	yéndose

indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me voy	te vas	se va	nos vamos	os vais	se van
	imperfect	me iba	te ibas	se iba	nos íbamos	os ibais	se iban
	preterite	me fui	te fuiste	se fue	nos fuimos	os fuisteis	se fueron
	future	me iré	te irás	se irá	nos iremos	os iréis	se irán
	conditional	me iría	te irías	se iría	nos iríamos	os iríais	se irían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me vaya	te vayas^{^tú} te vayás^{^vos²}	se vaya	nos vayamos	os vayáis	se vayan
	imperfect (ra)	me fuera	te fueras	se fuera	nos fuéramos	os fuerais	se fueran
	imperfect (se)	me fuese	te fueses	se fuese	nos fuésemos	os fueseis	se fuesen
	future¹	me fuere	te fueres	se fuere	nos fuéremos	os fuereis	se fueren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		vete^{^tú} andate^{^vos}	váyase	vámonos, vayámonos	idos, iros	váyanse
	negative		no te vayas	no se vaya	no nos vayamos	no os vayáis	no se vayan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived termsEdit

agua va
ahí va
cosas que van y vienen
cuando tú vas yo vengo de regreso
¿dónde va Vicente? donde va la gente
ir a buscar
ir a lo seguro (“to play it safe”)
ir a más
ir a parar
ir a por (“to go get, to fetch; to go for, to come for”)
ir al grano
ir cada uno por su lado
ir de
ir de compras
ir de copas
ir de primero
ir de putas
ir de segundo
ir del bracero
ir del bracete
ir en serio (“to get serious, to be serious; to mean it”)
ir en top
ir para largo
ir preso
ires y venires
irse a hacer gárgaras
irse a la cama
irse a la verga
irse al tacho
irse de este mundo
irse de las manos
irse de vareta
ni ir ni venir
no va más
no vaya a ser que
qué va
sin ir más lejos
vamos hablando
vaya con Dios
vaya por caso
vete a chingar
voy y vengo

ReferencesEdit

^ Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
^ “Spanish from Argentina: That Voseo Thing”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎^[1], accessed 9 October 2015

SumerianEdit

RomanizationEdit

ir

Romanization of 𒅕 (ir)

WelshEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Brythonic *ir (compare Cornish yr), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (compare Irish úr), from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”). Doublet of pur.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /iːr/
Rhymes: -iːr

AdjectiveEdit

ir (feminine singular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)

raw, unprocessed
fresh, succulent

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ir	unchanged	unchanged	hir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

YapeseEdit

PronounEdit

ir

Third-person singular pronoun; he, she, it

[LEV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ir”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[2] Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

[3] “Spanish from Argentina: That Voseo Thing”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎^[1], accessed 9 October 2015

[1]

[1]

[2]

ir

Alemannic GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

DeclensionEdit

AragoneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

VerbEdit

ChuukeseEdit

PronounEdit

Related termsEdit

DanishEdit

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NounEdit

ElfdalianEdit

VerbEdit

GalicianEdit

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See alsoEdit

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InterlinguaEdit

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VerbEdit

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AntonymsEdit

KaeraEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

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LatgalianEdit

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PronunciationEdit

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Usage notesEdit

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LatinEdit

Alternative formsEdit

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NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

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LatvianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

Etymology 2Edit

ConjunctionEdit

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ParticleEdit

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LithuanianEdit

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Middle DutchEdit

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Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

DeterminerEdit

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InflectionEdit

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Old High GermanEdit

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