es

neuter of en: a/an
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
  Das isch September vor eme Jar gsi.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension edit

Declension of en
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative/accusative	en	e	es	-
dative	emene	enere	emene	-

Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun edit

es n

(personal) it

Declension edit

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
2nd person singular	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Aragonese edit

Pronoun edit

es

them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms edit

los

Aromanian edit

Alternative forms edit

esu, ies, iesu

Etymology edit

From Latin exeō. Compare Daco-Romanian ieși, ies.

Verb edit

es first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative easi or ease, past participle ishitã)

to leave, exit, go out
(of the sun, moon) to rise
(figuratively) to defecate

Related terms edit

Bavarian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Cognate with German es.

Pronoun edit

es

it (nominative)
Synonym: des

Usage notes edit

The usage of es is mainly impersonal. When referring to a noun, the form des is preferred.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

es

Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)

Catalan edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Latin sē.

Pronunciation edit

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /əs/
(Valencian) IPA^(key): /es/

Pronoun edit

es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)

himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
oneself (direct or indirect object)
themselves (direct or indirect object)
each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes edit

es is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

Declension edit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Article edit

es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

(Balearic) the

Usage notes edit

In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈes]

Noun edit

es

plural of e (“the letter E”)

Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

'z (Luserna)
is, 's

Etymology edit

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun edit

es

(Sette Comuni) it

Inflection edit

Cimbrian personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular		ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
2nd person singular	polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar, ar	in, en	iime
	f	zi, ze		iar
	n	es, is	es, 's	iime
1st person plural		bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural		iart, iartàndare, artàndare	òich, ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural		ze, zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

References edit

“es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Crimean Tatar edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *es. Compare to Kumyk эс (es), etc.

Noun edit

es

mind, consciousness

References edit

https://classes.ru/all-crtatar/dictionary-crtatar-russian-cyr-term-14128.htm

Czech edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

Noun edit

es n (indeclinable)

The name of the Latin-script letter S.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

Noun edit

es n

inflection of eso:
1. genitive singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Danish edit

Noun edit

es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)

(card games) ace
Jeg har alle esserne.
I have all the aces.

Declension edit

Declension of es

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	es	esset	esser	esserne
genitive	ess	essets	essers	essernes

Dutch edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch essche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz.

Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Homophone: Esch

Noun edit

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus

Alternative forms edit

esch (obsolete)

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs

Noun edit

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

(music) E-flat

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /əs/
Hyphenation: es

Adverb edit

es

(informal, dialectal) Alternative form of eens (“once”)
Kom es hier ― Come over here (for a second).

Etymology 4 edit

From Middle Dutch esche, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *atiska-. More at German Esch, Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 (atisk).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs

Noun edit

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

A tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet.
Synonym: enk

Alternative forms edit

esch (obsolete)

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From German Es (German key notation).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification^(key): es

Noun edit

es

(music) E-flat

Usage notes edit

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension edit

Inflection of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		es	esit
genitive		esin	esien
partitive		esiä	esejä
illative		esiin	eseihin
		singular	plural
nominative		es	esit
accusative	nom.	es	esit
accusative	gen.	esin	esit
genitive		esin	esien
partitive		esiä	esejä
inessive		esissä	eseissä
elative		esistä	eseistä
illative		esiin	eseihin
adessive		esillä	eseillä
ablative		esiltä	eseiltä
allative		esille	eseille
essive		esinä	eseinä
translative		esiksi	eseiksi
abessive		esittä	eseittä
instructive		—	esein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		esini	esini
accusative	nom.	esini	esini
accusative	gen.	esini	esini
genitive		esini	esieni
partitive		esiäni	esejäni
inessive		esissäni	eseissäni
elative		esistäni	eseistäni
illative		esiini	eseihini
adessive		esilläni	eseilläni
ablative		esiltäni	eseiltäni
allative		esilleni	eseilleni
essive		esinäni	eseinäni
translative		esikseni	eseikseni
abessive		esittäni	eseittäni
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	eseineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		esisi	esisi
accusative	nom.	esisi	esisi
accusative	gen.	esisi	esisi
genitive		esisi	esiesi
partitive		esiäsi	esejäsi
inessive		esissäsi	eseissäsi
elative		esistäsi	eseistäsi
illative		esiisi	eseihisi
adessive		esilläsi	eseilläsi
ablative		esiltäsi	eseiltäsi
allative		esillesi	eseillesi
essive		esinäsi	eseinäsi
translative		esiksesi	eseiksesi
abessive		esittäsi	eseittäsi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	eseinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		esimme	esimme
accusative	nom.	esimme	esimme
accusative	gen.	esimme	esimme
genitive		esimme	esiemme
partitive		esiämme	esejämme
inessive		esissämme	eseissämme
elative		esistämme	eseistämme
illative		esiimme	eseihimme
adessive		esillämme	eseillämme
ablative		esiltämme	eseiltämme
allative		esillemme	eseillemme
essive		esinämme	eseinämme
translative		esiksemme	eseiksemme
abessive		esittämme	eseittämme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	eseinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		esinne	esinne
accusative	nom.	esinne	esinne
accusative	gen.	esinne	esinne
genitive		esinne	esienne
partitive		esiänne	esejänne
inessive		esissänne	eseissänne
elative		esistänne	eseistänne
illative		esiinne	eseihinne
adessive		esillänne	eseillänne
ablative		esiltänne	eseiltänne
allative		esillenne	eseillenne
essive		esinänne	eseinänne
translative		esiksenne	eseiksenne
abessive		esittänne	eseittänne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	eseinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		esinsä	esinsä
accusative	nom.	esinsä	esinsä
accusative	gen.	esinsä	esinsä
genitive		esinsä	esiensä
partitive		esiään esiänsä	esejään esejänsä
inessive		esissään esissänsä	eseissään eseissänsä
elative		esistään esistänsä	eseistään eseistänsä
illative		esiinsä	eseihinsä
adessive		esillään esillänsä	eseillään eseillänsä
ablative		esiltään esiltänsä	eseiltään eseiltänsä
allative		esilleen esillensä	eseilleen eseillensä
essive		esinään esinänsä	eseinään eseinänsä
translative		esikseen esiksensä	eseikseen eseiksensä
abessive		esittään esittänsä	eseittään eseittänsä
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	eseineen eseinensä

Derived terms edit

compounds

Anagrams edit

se

French edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.z‿/, (in liaison) /e.z‿/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛ
Homophones: ai, aie, aies, aient, ait, est, hais, hait

Verb edit

es

second-person singular present indicative of être

Anagrams edit

SE, se

Fuyug edit

Noun edit

es (plural esing)

child

References edit

Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)

Galician edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Verb edit

es

second-person singular present indicative of ser

German edit

Alternative forms edit

's (chiefly informal or poetic)
-'s

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Audio (file)

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.

Pronoun edit

es n

Nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun
Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. (
Audio: (file)
) ― Where's the book? It’s on the table.

Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es. ― Where is the child? I have it.

Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. (
Audio: (file)
) ― What color is the horse? It is white.

Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. (
Audio: (file)
) ― I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.

Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. (
Audio: (file)
) ― The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.

Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. (
Audio: (file)
) ― Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.
- 1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind:
  Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.
  The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.
Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it
Das kann es nicht geben. (
Audio (file)
) ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.

Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch. ― She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)

Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. (
Audio: (file)
) ― There was once a beautiful princess.

Es ist gut zu leben! (
Audio: (file)
) ― It's good to be alive!

Es regnet. (
Audio: (file)
) ― It’s raining.

Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. (
Audio: (file)
) ― It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.

Wie geht es dir? (
Audio: (file)
) ― How are you doing?

Ich bin es, Michael. (
Audio: (file)
) ― It's me, Michael.

Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. (
Audio: (file)
) ― The television orchestra is playing.

Sie wird es noch weit bringen. (
Audio: (file)
) ― She is going to go far.

Usage notes edit

As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.

Declension edit

German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic, colloquial ³archaic

Derived terms edit

Es
-'s
by the German spelling reform of 1996: gehts, nimms, wenns

Etymology 2 edit

Article edit

es n

(regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das
Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?
Should I close the window?

Usage notes edit

The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.

Guinea-Bissau Creole edit

Etymology edit

From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.

Pronoun edit

es

this

Hunsrik edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /əs, es/

Pronoun edit

es

it

Inflection edit

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Icelandic edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛːs/
Rhymes: -ɛːs

Noun edit

es n (genitive singular ess, nominative plural es)

(music) E flat

Declension edit

declension of es

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
n-s	singular		plural
nominative	es	esið	es	esin
accusative	es	esið	es	esin
dative	esi	esinu	esum	esunum
genitive	ess	essins	esa	esanna

Related terms edit

Ido edit

Etymology edit

By assimilation with English is, French es, Italian essere, Spanish es.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/

Verb edit

es

Apocopic form of esas
Me es hike pro ke lu volis lo. ― I am here because he wanted me here.

Indonesian edit

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

es

Wikipedia ^id

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/, [ˈɛs]
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛs, -s
Hyphenation: ès

Etymology 1 edit

From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Noun edit

ès (plural es-es, first-person possessive esku, second-person possessive esmu, third-person possessive esnya)

ice

Alternative forms edit

ais (Malaysia, Singapore)

Derived terms edit

lemari es

Etymology 2 edit

From Dutch es

Noun edit

ès

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Interlingua edit

Verb edit

es

present indicative of esser: is, are, am

Kabuverdianu edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Portuguese eles.

Pronoun edit

es

they

Etymology 2 edit

From Portuguese este.

Pronoun edit

es

this

Latgalian edit

Alternative forms edit

(archaic) as

Etymology edit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈæs]
Hyphenation: es

Pronoun edit

es

I

Declension edit

Declension of es

	singular	plural
nominative	es	mes
genitive	mane, mani	myusu
dative	maņ	mums
accusative	mani	myus
locative	manī	myusūs

References edit

Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Noun edit

es f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter S.

Usage notes edit

Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabic s, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε (isse).

Coordinate terms edit

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References edit

es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Italic *es, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési.

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Verb edit

es

second-person singular present active indicative of sum ("you are") (singular)
second-person singular present active imperative of sum ("be!")

Etymology 3 edit

Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /eːs/, [eːs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Verb edit

ēs

second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of edō

Synonyms edit

edis

Latvian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanian aš (archaic eš), Old Prussian es, as, Sudovian as, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonic азъ (azŭ), Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian я (ja), Bulgarian аз (az), Czech já (from jaz), Polish ja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic *ekan, *ek (Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik), Old Norse ek, Old High German ih, German ich, Old English ic, English I), Hittite [script needed] (uk), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 (azəm), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Ossetian ӕз (æz).^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɛs]

(file)

Pronoun edit

es (personal, 1st person singular)

I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Es te dzīvoju. ― I live here.

Viņš mani sastapa ceļā. ― He met me on the road.

Atnāc pie manis! ― Come to me (to my place)!

Nāc ar mani dejot! ― Come dance with me!

Man nav laika. ― I don't have time. (lit. There is no time to me.)

Usage notes edit

The dative form manim is used only optionally, with prepositions.

Declension edit

declension of es

nominative (nominatīvs)	es
accusative (akuzatīvs)	mani
genitive (ģenitīvs)	manis
dative (datīvs)	man (manim)
instrumental (instrumentālis)	mani
locative (lokatīvs)	manī

Related terms edit

manējs

Noun edit

es m (invariable)

I, ego (the essence of a person)
mans es ― my I, my ego

Runātājs izcēla savu es. ― The speaker highlighted his I, his ego.

Briesmīgi nezināt nekā un just tikai sevi, savu es. ― It is terrible to know and feel nothing except oneself, one's I.

Cilvēks var pierādīt savu vērtību, apliecināt savu “es” tikai darbā. ― A person can prove their worth, testify their “I”, only in (their) work.

Etymology 2 edit

A cross-linguistically frequent way of naming this sound, and the respective letter.

Noun edit

es m (invariable)

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter S/s.

References edit

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “es”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lower Sorbian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Noun edit

es m inan

The name of the Latin-script letter s.

Malay edit

Etymology edit

From English ess.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈes]

Noun edit

és (plural es-es)

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Synonyms edit

ès (Indonesian)
sin (Jawi letter name)

Middle Dutch edit

Pronoun edit

es

genitive of hi
genitive of het

Verb edit

es

Alternative form of is; third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Determiner edit

es

Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun edit

es

Alternative form of his (“his”)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

es

Alternative form of his (“her”)

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

es

Alternative form of is (“is”)

Middle French edit

Etymology 1 edit

Old French es ("[you] are").

Verb edit

es

second-person singular present indicative of estre

Etymology 2 edit

Old French es ("in the").

Contraction edit

es

Contraction of en + les (“in the (plural)”).

Middle Irish edit

Noun edit

es f

stoat, weasel

Descendants edit

Irish: eas

Mutation edit

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
es	unchanged	n-es
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Verb edit

es

present of asa (to swell, ferment)

Occitan edit

Verb edit

es

third-person singular present indicative of èsser

Ojibwe edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Algonquian *e·hsa.

Noun edit

es (plural esag)

shell (2)
oyster

Old French edit

Etymology edit

Contraction of en les.

Preposition edit

es

in the
- 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 186 of this essay:
  l'autre partie va es muscules
  the other part goes into the muscles

Descendants edit

French: ès (archaic except in fixed expressions)

Old Irish edit

Alternative forms edit

ess (theoretically available for all senses; attested in only some)

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

es (gender unknown)

the letter s

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

es (gender unknown)

death

Etymology 3 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

es (gender unknown)

food

Etymology 4 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

es (gender unknown)

ox

Etymology 5 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun edit

es

Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
es	unchanged	n-es
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).

Verb edit

es

Archaic form of er., third-person singular indicative present of vera

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

Pronoun edit

es

Archaic form of er. (which, that)

Conjunction edit

es

Archaic form of er. (when, where)

Pennsylvania German edit

Alternative forms edit

's

Etymology edit

Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Article edit

es n (definite)

nominative/accusative neuter singular of der: the

Declension edit

Pennsylvania German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem or em	der	dem or em	de
Accusative	der or den	die	es	die

Pronoun edit

es n

it

Declension edit

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Romagnol edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Verb edit

es

to be
(auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something).

Sawi edit

Interjection edit

es

at once
Uvur haramavimaken, du famud, es! — The tide is about to turn; cook the sago at once!^[1]
enough

References edit

^ Don Richardson, Peace Child.

Scots edit

Noun edit

es (plural eses)

Alternative spelling of aes (“”)

References edit

“es, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈes/ [ˈes]
Audio (Colombia): (file)
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification: es

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin est, from Proto-Italic *est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), English is.

Verb edit

es

third-person singular present indicative of ser

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

es f pl

plural of e

Sudovian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Compare Lithuanian jìs, but dissimilar Latvian viņš (“he”), Old Prussian tāns (“he”).^[1]^[2]

Pronoun edit

eſ m

(third-person singular) he
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 4, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
  on — eſ
  on — he

References edit

^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, number 1, page 72: “eſ ‘jis, l. on’ 4.”
^ “jìs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. es er”.

Tagalog edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English ess, the English name of the letter S/s.

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔes/, [ʔɛs]
Rhymes: -es

Noun edit

es (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔)

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Filipino alphabet.
Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) sa, (in the Abecedario) ese

Tocharian A edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Tocharian *ānse, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian B āntse.

Noun edit

es

shoulder
bough, limb (of a tree)
branch of a particular matter

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /eːs/
Rhymes: -eːs

Verb edit

es

first-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms edit

euthum (literary)

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “es”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[2] Don Richardson, Peace Child.

[3] Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, number 1, page 72: “eſ ‘jis, l. on’ 4.”

[4] “jìs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. es er”.

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1^st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2^nd person singular (informal)		du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
2^nd person singular (formal)		Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3^rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's	eahm	'n
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1^st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2^nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3^rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

	first	second	third (a.)		third (l.)
	first	second	m	f	m	f
singular	es	tu	jis	jei	šys	šei
plural	mes	jius	jī	juos	šī	šuos

es

Translingual edit

Etymology 1 edit

Symbol edit

Etymology 2 edit

Symbol edit

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

Etymology 4 edit

Noun edit

Anagrams edit

Afrikaans edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Alemannic German edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Article edit

Declension edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

Declension edit

Aragonese edit

Pronoun edit

Synonyms edit

Aromanian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Verb edit

Related terms edit

See also edit

Bavarian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

Usage notes edit

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

Catalan edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Usage notes edit

Declension edit

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Article edit

Usage notes edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Further reading edit

Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronoun edit

Inflection edit

References edit

Crimean Tatar edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

References edit

Czech edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Danish edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

See also edit