ṯzj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈciːzit/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːsiʔ/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːsa/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːsə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈciːzit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiːsiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiːsa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiːsə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛzi/
  • Conventional anglicization: tjezi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to raise, to lift up, to pick up

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯzj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯz, geminated stem: ṯzz

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯzt, ṯzj	ṯzw, ṯz	ṯzt, ṯzwt, ṯzyt	ṯz	ṯz, ṯzy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯz8, ṯzz8	ḥr ṯzt, ḥr ṯzj	m ṯzt, m ṯzj	r ṯzt, r ṯzj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯz.n	ṯzw, ṯz, ṯzy	consecutive	ṯz.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ṯzt, ṯzyt
perfective3	ṯz	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ṯz.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ṯz, ṯzy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ṯzw, ṯz, ṯzy	ṯzw, ṯz, ṯzy	potentialis1	ṯz.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ṯz, ṯzy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯz.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ṯzw1, ṯzy, ṯz	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯz	ṯzy, ṯz
imperfective	ṯzz, ṯzzy, ṯzzw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯzz, ṯzzj6, ṯzzy6	ṯzz, ṯzzw5
prospective	ṯzw1, ṯzy, ṯz, ṯztj7	—	ṯzwtj1 4, ṯztj4, ṯzt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

• sṯzj

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲓⲥⲓ (cisi)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲓⲥⲓ (čisi)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲓⲥⲉ (čise)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 166.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 405