ἐλέγχω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἔλεγχος (élenkhos, “argument of disproof, refutation”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʰ- (“to accuse, to scold”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.léŋ.kʰɔː/ → /eˈleŋ.xo/ → /eˈleŋ.xo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.léŋ.kʰɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈleŋ.kʰo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈleŋ.xo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈleŋ.xo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈleŋ.xo/

Verb

ἐλέγχω • (elénkhō) (Epic, Attic, Doric, Koine)

1. (transitive) to disgrace, put to shame
2. (transitive) to cross-examine, question
3. (transitive) to test, bring to the proof

Inflection

   Present: ἐλέγχω, ἐλέγχομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐλέγχω	ἐλέγχεις	ἐλέγχει	ἐλέγχετον	ἐλέγχετον	ἐλέγχομεν	ἐλέγχετε	ἐλέγχουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐλέγχω	ἐλέγχῃς	ἐλέγχῃ	ἐλέγχητον	ἐλέγχητον	ἐλέγχωμεν	ἐλέγχητε	ἐλέγχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐλέγχοιμῐ	ἐλέγχοις	ἐλέγχοι	ἐλέγχοιτον	ἐλεγχοίτην	ἐλέγχοιμεν	ἐλέγχοιτε	ἐλέγχοιεν
	imperative		ἔλεγχε	ἐλεγχέτω	ἐλέγχετον	ἐλεγχέτων		ἐλέγχετε	ἐλεγχόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐλέγχομαι	ἐλέγχῃ, ἐλέγχει	ἐλέγχεται	ἐλέγχεσθον	ἐλέγχεσθον	ἐλεγχόμεθᾰ	ἐλέγχεσθε	ἐλέγχονται
	subjunctive	ἐλέγχωμαι	ἐλέγχῃ	ἐλέγχηται	ἐλέγχησθον	ἐλέγχησθον	ἐλεγχώμεθᾰ	ἐλέγχησθε	ἐλέγχωνται
	optative	ἐλεγχοίμην	ἐλέγχοιο	ἐλέγχοιτο	ἐλέγχοισθον	ἐλεγχοίσθην	ἐλεγχοίμεθᾰ	ἐλέγχοισθε	ἐλέγχοιντο
	imperative		ἐλέγχου	ἐλεγχέσθω	ἐλέγχεσθον	ἐλεγχέσθων		ἐλέγχεσθε	ἐλεγχέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐλέγχειν				ἐλέγχεσθαι
participle	m	ἐλέγχων				ἐλεγχόμενος
	f	ἐλέγχουσᾰ				ἐλεγχομένη
	n	ἐλέγχον				ἐλεγχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἤλεγχον, ἠλεγχόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤλεγχον	ἤλεγχες	ἤλεγχε(ν)	ἠλέγχετον	ἠλεγχέτην	ἠλέγχομεν	ἠλέγχετε	ἤλεγχον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠλεγχόμην	ἠλέγχου	ἠλέγχετο	ἠλέγχεσθον	ἠλεγχέσθην	ἠλεγχόμεθᾰ	ἠλέγχεσθε	ἠλέγχοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐλέγξω, ἐλέγξομαι, ἐλεγχθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐλέγξω	ἐλέγξεις	ἐλέγξει	ἐλέγξετον	ἐλέγξετον	ἐλέγξομεν	ἐλέγξετε	ἐλέγξουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐλέγξοιμῐ	ἐλέγξοις	ἐλέγξοι	ἐλέγξοιτον	ἐλεγξοίτην	ἐλέγξοιμεν	ἐλέγξοιτε	ἐλέγξοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐλέγξομαι	ἐλέγξῃ, ἐλέγξει	ἐλέγξεται	ἐλέγξεσθον	ἐλέγξεσθον	ἐλεγξόμεθᾰ	ἐλέγξεσθε	ἐλέγξονται
	optative	ἐλεγξοίμην	ἐλέγξοιο	ἐλέγξοιτο	ἐλέγξοισθον	ἐλεγξοίσθην	ἐλεγξοίμεθᾰ	ἐλέγξοισθε	ἐλέγξοιντο
passive	indicative	ἐλεγχθήσομαι	ἐλεγχθήσῃ	ἐλεγχθήσεται	ἐλεγχθήσεσθον	ἐλεγχθήσεσθον	ἐλεγχθησόμεθᾰ	ἐλεγχθήσεσθε	ἐλεγχθήσονται
	optative	ἐλεγχθησοίμην	ἐλεγχθήσοιο	ἐλεγχθήσοιτο	ἐλεγχθήσοισθον	ἐλεγχθησοίσθην	ἐλεγχθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐλεγχθήσοισθε	ἐλεγχθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐλέγξειν			ἐλέγξεσθαι		ἐλεγχθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐλέγξων			ἐλεγξόμενος		ἐλεγχθησόμενος
	f	ἐλέγξουσᾰ			ἐλεγξομένη		ἐλεγχθησομένη
	n	ἐλέγξον			ἐλεγξόμενον		ἐλεγχθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἤλεγξᾰ, ἠλεγξᾰ́μην, ἠλέγχθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤλεγξᾰ	ἤλεγξᾰς	ἤλεγξε(ν)	ἠλέγξᾰτον	ἠλεγξᾰ́την	ἠλέγξᾰμεν	ἠλέγξᾰτε	ἤλεγξᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐλέγξω	ἐλέγξῃς	ἐλέγξῃ	ἐλέγξητον	ἐλέγξητον	ἐλέγξωμεν	ἐλέγξητε	ἐλέγξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐλέγξαιμῐ	ἐλέγξειᾰς, ἐλέγξαις	ἐλέγξειε(ν), ἐλέγξαι	ἐλέγξαιτον	ἐλεγξαίτην	ἐλέγξαιμεν	ἐλέγξαιτε	ἐλέγξειᾰν, ἐλέγξαιεν
	imperative		ἔλεγξον	ἐλεγξᾰ́τω	ἐλέγξᾰτον	ἐλεγξᾰ́των		ἐλέγξᾰτε	ἐλεγξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠλεγξᾰ́μην	ἠλέγξω	ἠλέγξᾰτο	ἠλέγξᾰσθον	ἠλεγξᾰ́σθην	ἠλεγξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠλέγξᾰσθε	ἠλέγξᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐλέγξωμαι	ἐλέγξῃ	ἐλέγξηται	ἐλέγξησθον	ἐλέγξησθον	ἐλεγξώμεθᾰ	ἐλέγξησθε	ἐλέγξωνται
	optative	ἐλεγξαίμην	ἐλέγξαιο	ἐλέγξαιτο	ἐλέγξαισθον	ἐλεγξαίσθην	ἐλεγξαίμεθᾰ	ἐλέγξαισθε	ἐλέγξαιντο
	imperative		ἔλεγξαι	ἐλεγξᾰ́σθω	ἐλέγξᾰσθον	ἐλεγξᾰ́σθων		ἐλέγξᾰσθε	ἐλεγξᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠλέγχθην	ἠλέγχθης	ἠλέγχθη	ἠλέγχθητον	ἠλεγχθήτην	ἠλέγχθημεν	ἠλέγχθητε	ἠλέγχθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐλεγχθῶ	ἐλεγχθῇς	ἐλεγχθῇ	ἐλεγχθῆτον	ἐλεγχθῆτον	ἐλεγχθῶμεν	ἐλεγχθῆτε	ἐλεγχθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐλεγχθείην	ἐλεγχθείης	ἐλεγχθείη	ἐλεγχθεῖτον, ἐλεγχθείητον	ἐλεγχθείτην, ἐλεγχθειήτην	ἐλεγχθεῖμεν, ἐλεγχθείημεν	ἐλεγχθεῖτε, ἐλεγχθείητε	ἐλεγχθεῖεν, ἐλεγχθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐλέγχθητῐ	ἐλεγχθήτω	ἐλέγχθητον	ἐλεγχθήτων		ἐλέγχθητε	ἐλεγχθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐλέγξαι			ἐλέγξᾰσθαι		ἐλεγχθῆναι
participle	m	ἐλέγξᾱς			ἐλεγξᾰ́μενος		ἐλεγχθείς
	f	ἐλέγξᾱσᾰ			ἐλεγξᾰμένη		ἐλεγχθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐλέγξᾰν			ἐλεγξᾰ́μενον		ἐλεγχθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐλήλεγμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐλήλεγμαι	ἐλήλεγξαι	ἐλήλεγκται	ἐλήλεγχθον	ἐλήλεγχθον	ἐληλέγμεθᾰ	ἐλήλεγχθε	ἐληλέγχᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐληλεγμένος ὦ	ἐληλεγμένος ᾖς	ἐληλεγμένος ᾖ	ἐληλεγμένω ἦτον	ἐληλεγμένω ἦτον	ἐληλεγμένοι ὦμεν	ἐληλεγμένοι ἦτε	ἐληλεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐληλεγμένος εἴην	ἐληλεγμένος εἴης	ἐληλεγμένος εἴη	ἐληλεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐληλεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐληλεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐληλεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐληλεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἐλήλεγξο	ἐληλέγχθω	ἐλήλεγχθον	ἐληλέγχθων		ἐλήλεγχθε	ἐληλέγχθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἐληλέγχθαι
participle	m					ἐληλεγμένος
	f					ἐληλεγμένη
	n					ἐληλεγμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀνεξέλεγκτος (anexélenktos)

Descendants

• → Greek: ελέγχω (eléncho)

Further reading

• “ἐλέγχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐλέγχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἐλέγχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐλέγχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἐλέγχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἐλέγχω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἐλέγχω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter