ἵημι
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *yīyēmi, reduplicated present of Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”). Compare Latin iaciō, Hittite [script needed] (pe-iezzi, “sends away”). This has been connected with Hittite [script needed] (iya-, “to do, make”), but that hypothesis is rejected by Kloekhorst (2008).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hǐː.ɛː.mi/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)i.e̝.mi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
Verb
editῑ̔́ημῐ • (hī́ēmi)
- to release, let go
- (of sounds) to utter, speak, say
- Module:Quotations:446: attempt to compare number with nil
- Module:Quotations:446: attempt to compare number with nil
- to throw, shoot, hurl
- (of water) to let flow, flow, spout forth
- to send
- (middle voice) to speed oneself, hasten
- 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Fragmenta 134
- (middle voice, with infinitive) to be eager, to desire (to do something)
- (middle voice, with genitive) to be set upon, long for
Usage notes
editAll forms except the present and imperfect are used only in composition.
Inflection
editnumber | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῑ̔́ημῐ | ῑ̔́ης | ῑ̔́ησῐ(ν) | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔́εμεν | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔ᾶσι(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ῑ̔ῶ | ῑ̔ῇς | ῑ̔ῇ | ῑ̔ῆτον | ῑ̔ῆτον | ῑ̔ῶμεν | ῑ̔ῆτε | ῑ̔ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ῑ̔είην | ῑ̔είης | ῑ̔είη | ῑ̔εῖτον, ῑ̔είητον |
ῑ̔είτην, ῑ̔ειήτην |
ῑ̔εῖμεν, ῑ̔είημεν |
ῑ̔εῖτε, ῑ̔είητε |
ῑ̔εῖεν, ῑ̔είησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ῑ̔́ει | ῑ̔έτω | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔έτων | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔έντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔́εμαι | ῑ̔́εσαι | ῑ̔́εται | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έμεθᾰ | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔́ενται | ||||
subjunctive | ῑ̔ῶμαι | ῑ̔ῇ | ῑ̔ῆται | ῑ̔ῆσθον | ῑ̔ῆσθον | ῑ̔ώμεθᾰ | ῑ̔ῆσθε | ῑ̔ῶνται | |||||
optative | ῑ̔είμην | ῑ̔εῖο | ῑ̔εῖτο, ῑ̔οῖτο |
ῑ̔εῖσθον, ῑ̔οῖσθον |
ῑ̔είσθην, ῑ̔οίσθην |
ῑ̔είμεθᾰ, ῑ̔οίμεθᾰ |
ῑ̔εῖσθε, ῑ̔οῖσθε |
ῑ̔εῖντο, ῑ̔οῖντο | |||||
imperative | ῑ̔́εσο | ῑ̔έσθω | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έσθων | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔έσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῑ̔έναι | ῑ̔́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῑ̔είς | ῑ̔έμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῑ̔εῖσᾰ | ῑ̔εμένη | |||||||||||
n | ῑ̔έν | ῑ̔έμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῑ̔́ην | ῑ̔́εις | ῑ̔́ει | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔έτην | ῑ̔́εμεν | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔́εσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔έμην | ῑ̔́εσο | ῑ̔́ετο | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έσθην | ῑ̔έμεθᾰ | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔́εντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῐ̔́ην | ῐ̔́εις | ῐ̔́ει | ῐ̔́ετον | ῐ̔έτην | ῐ̔́εμεν | ῐ̔́ετε | ῐ̔́εσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̔έμην | ῐ̔́εσο | ῐ̔́ετο | ῐ̔́εσθον | ῐ̔έσθην | ῐ̔έμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̔́εσθε | ῐ̔́εντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἵεσκον | ἵεσκες | ἵεσκε(ν) | ἱέσκετον | ἱεσκέτην | ἱέσκομεν | ἱέσκετε | ἵεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἱεσκόμην | ἱέσκου | ἱέσκετο | ἱέσκεσθον | ἱεσκέσθην | ἱεσκόμεθᾰ | ἱέσκεσθε | ἱέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἥσω | ἥσεις | ἥσει | ἥσετον | ἥσετον | ἥσομεν | ἥσετε | ἥσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἥσοιμῐ | ἥσοις | ἥσοι | ἥσοιτον | ἡσοίτην | ἥσοιμεν | ἥσοιτε | ἥσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἥσομαι | ἥσῃ, ἥσει |
ἥσεται | ἥσεσθον | ἥσεσθον | ἡσόμεθᾰ | ἥσεσθε | ἥσονται | ||||
optative | ἡσοίμην | ἥσοιο | ἥσοιτο | ἥσοισθον | ἡσοίσθην | ἡσοίμεθᾰ | ἥσοισθε | ἥσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἥσειν | ἥσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἥσων | ἡσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἥσουσᾰ | ἡσομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἧσον | ἡσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧκᾰ | ἧκᾰς | ἧκε(ν) | ἥκᾰτον | ἡκᾰ́την | ἥκᾰμεν | ἥκᾰτε | ἧκᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | ἡκᾰ́μην | ἥκω | ἥκᾰτο | ἥκᾰσθον | ἡκᾰ́σθην | ἡκᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἥκᾰσθε | ἥκᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἕηκᾰ | ἕηκᾰς | ἕηκε(ν) | ἑήκᾰτον | ἑηκᾰ́την | ἑήκᾰμεν | ἑήκᾰτε | ἕηκᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | ἑηκᾰ́μην | ἑήκᾰο | ἑήκᾰτο | ἑήκᾰσθον | ἑηκᾰ́σθην | ἑηκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἑήκᾰσθε | ἑήκᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: εἵμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἷτον | εἵτην | εἷμεν | εἷτε | εἷσᾰν | |||||||
subjunctive | ὧ | ᾗς | ᾗ, ᾗσι(ν) |
ἧτον | ἧτον | ὧμεν | ἧτε | ὧσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | εἵην | εἵης | εἵη | εἷτον/εἵητον | εἵτην/εἱήτην | εἷμεν/εἵημεν | εἷτε/εἵητε | εἷεν/εἵησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἕς | ἕτω | ἕτον | ἕτων | ἕτε | ἕντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | εἵμην | εἷσο | εἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε | εἷντο | ||||
subjunctive | ὧμαι | ᾗ | ἧται | ἧσθον | ἧσθον | ὥμεθᾰ | ἧσθε | ὧνται | |||||
optative | εἵμην | εἷο | εἷτο/οἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ/οἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε/οἷσθε | εἷντο/οἷντο | |||||
imperative | οὗ | ἕσθω | ἕσθον | ἕσθων | ἕσθε | ἕσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | εἷναι | ἕσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | εἵς | ἕμενος | ||||||||||
f | εἷσᾰ | ἑμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἕν | ἕμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
The unaugmented 3rd plural middle indicative form ἕντο (hénto) is found in Epic Greek.
|
Pluperfect: εἵμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εἵμην | εἷσο | εἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε | εἷντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 581-2
Further reading
edit- “ἵημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἵημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἵημι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἵημι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἵημι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἵημι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Encyclopedia Papyrus-Larousse (1963)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Pokorny *i_e:-
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek verbs ending in -μῐ