Wiktionary

でんぐり返す

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
返
かえ > がえ
Grade: 3

Etymology

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Compound of でんぐり (denguri) +‎ 返す (kaesu, “to turn something over”).[1][2] The kaesu changes to gaesu as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Sometimes also pronounced without rendaku and with a hard k sound instead, as dengurikaesu.[1]

The denguri part is of unclear origin. It only appears in this compound and derived forms.

  • The den portion is most likely the same den found in terms such as でんでん (denden, “one after the next, rolling, continuous”, adverb), itself also found in the compound でんでん太鼓 (denden-daiko, “denden (rolling? continuous?) drum”, a small taiko drum with a handle extending from the bottom and two small balls attached by short strings to each side as strikers, played by holding in one hand and rapidly twisting the handle back and forth).
  • The guri portion is almost certainly 繰り (kuri, “winding, reeling, spinning”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to reel”).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) でんぐりがえす [dèńgúrígáꜜèsù] (Nakadaka – [5])[2]
  • IPA(key): [dẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟ɾʲiɡa̠e̞sɨ]

Verb

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でんぐり返(がえ)す • (dengurigaesu) transitive godan (stem でんぐり返(がえ)し (dengurigaeshi), past でんぐり返(がえ)した (dengurigaeshita))

  1. to turn something over, to turn something upside-down
  2. to make someone or something do a somersault (either forwards or backwards)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "でんぐり返す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") でんぐり返さ でんぐりがえさ dengurigaesa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") でんぐり返し でんぐりがえし dengurigaeshi
Shūshikei ("terminal") でんぐり返す でんぐりがえす dengurigaesu
Rentaikei ("attributive") でんぐり返す でんぐりがえす dengurigaesu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") でんぐり返せ でんぐりがえせ dengurigaese
Meireikei ("imperative") でんぐり返せ でんぐりがえせ dengurigaese
Key constructions
Passive でんぐり返される でんぐりがえされる dengurigaesareru
Causative でんぐり返させる
でんぐり返さす 		でんぐりがえさせる
でんぐりがえさす 		dengurigaesaseru
dengurigaesasu
Potential でんぐり返せる でんぐりがえせる dengurigaeseru
Volitional でんぐり返そう でんぐりがえそう dengurigaesō
Negative でんぐり返さない でんぐりがえさない dengurigaesanai
Negative continuative でんぐり返さず でんぐりがえさず dengurigaesazu
Formal でんぐり返します でんぐりがえします dengurigaeshimasu
Perfective でんぐり返した でんぐりがえした dengurigaeshita
Conjunctive でんぐり返して でんぐりがえして dengurigaeshite
Hypothetical conditional でんぐり返せば でんぐりがえせば dengurigaeseba

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Derived terms
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Related terms

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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