悩める
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term |
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悩 |
なや Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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惱める (kyūjitai) |
Etymology 1 edit
From 悩む (nayamu, “to be vexed, to be bothered about something; to suffer physical distress”), as a regular shift to the 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) conjugation pattern.[1][2][3] Compare a similar shift for つく (tsuku, “to stick to something”, intransitive) and つける (tsukeru, “to stick something to something else”, transitive).
First cited to 1563.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
- [from 1563] (transitive) to vex, to annoy, to cause distress, to make someone suffer
- [from 1921] (intransitive, rare) to be vexed, to be bothered about something, to be distressed about something
Usage notes edit
Much like root verb 悩む (nayamu), this derivative nayameru has been used with both transitive and intransitive senses. The transitive sense appears to be far more common.
Etymology 2 edit
Ultimately from 悩む (nayamu) in the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of nayami + stative / resultative copula あり (ari, “to be”), in the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive”) conjugation. See further sound-shift details at り#Japanese:_ri-verb-suffix.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
- the adnominal or attributive form of stative / resultative 悩めり (nayameri, “has been vexed”)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “悩”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN