秘書

See also: 秘书, 祕書, and 祕书

Chinese

	secret	book; letter
trad. (秘書/祕書)	秘/祕	書
simp. (秘书)	秘	书
nonstandard simp.	祕书

Etymology

In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mìshū

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei³ syu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'bi⁴ xy¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-sû
Eastern Min (BUC): bé-cṳ̆
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pì-su / pì-sir / pì-si

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi³ ze¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pi-sy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mìshū → mìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mìshů
  - Wade–Giles: mi⁴-shu⁵
  - Yale: mì-shu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.shu
  - Palladius: мишу (mišu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/ → /mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    密書／密书
    秘書／秘书
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei³ syu¹
  - Yale: bei syū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei³ sy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi³ xu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'bi⁴ xy¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpi³⁵ ɕy⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-sû
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi su´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴ su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bé-cṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒy⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-su
  - Tâi-lô: pì-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piesw
  - IPA (Philippines): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sir
  - Tâi-lô: pì-sir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-si
  - Tâi-lô: pì-si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piesy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi³ ze¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì tsṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pi-sy
  - MiniDict: pi^去 sy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi-sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

Noun

秘書

secretary (person who does clerical work)

Derived terms

文秘 (wénmì)
秘書處／秘书处 (mìshūchù)
秘書長／秘书长 (mìshūzhǎng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
秘	書
ひ Grade: 6	しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
祕書 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [çiɕo̞]

Noun

秘(ひ)書(しょ) • (hisho)

secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)

Korean

Hanja in this term
秘	書

Noun

秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)

Hanja form^? of 비서 (“secretary”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
秘	書

Noun

秘書

chữ Hán form of bí thư (“secretary”).