Wiktionary

書

See also: 书, 畫, and 晝
書.svg
書 U+66F8, 書
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F8
← 曷
[U+66F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曹 →
[U+66F9]
書 U+2F8CC, 書
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CC
← 旣
[U+2F8CB] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 晉 →
[U+2F8CD]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

書 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中土日 (LGA), four-corner 50601, composition ⿳𦘒一曰)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 502, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1509, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+66F8

ChineseEdit

trad. 書
simp. 书
alternative forms 𦘠
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 書 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 書 (Cantonese)
  • 書 (Classical)
  • 書 (Gan)
 
書 (1)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 書
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlja): semantic 聿 (“writing brush”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • chu/chir - vernacular;
  • su/sir/si - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 書
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 傷魚切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕiɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		syu1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 書
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ syo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-ta/
    English write

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 書
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17013
    Phonetic
    component         		者
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		書
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hlja/

    DefinitionsEdit

    書

    1. book; codex (Classifier: 本; 冊／册; 部)
      我對這本書產生了共鳴。 [MSC, trad.]
      我对这本书产生了共鸣。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ duì zhè běn shū chǎnshēng le gòngmíng. [Pinyin]
      I resonated with this book.
      唔記得買書 / 唔记得买书 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 gei3 dak1 maai5 syu1 [Jyutping]  ―  to forget to buy textbooks
    2. letter; document
      證明書 / 证明书  ―  zhèngmíngshū  ―  certificate
      推薦書 / 推荐书  ―  tuījiànshū  ―  recommendation letter
      情書 / 情书  ―  qíngshū  ―  love letter
      家書 / 家书  ―  jiāshū  ―  letter to or from one's family or home
      《告臺灣同胞書》 [MSC, trad.]
      《告台湾同胞书》 [MSC, simp.]
      “Gào Táiwān Tóngbāo Shū” [Pinyin]
      Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan
    3. form of a written or printed Chinese character; style of calligraphy; script; font
      楷書 / 楷书  ―  kǎishū  ―  regular script
      隸書 / 隶书  ―  lìshū  ―  clerical script
    4. (literary) Chinese character
    5. (literary) the art of calligraphy
    6. (historical) ancient government post in charge of secretarial duties
    7. (historical) imperial edict
    8. storytelling
      說書 / 说书  ―  shuōshū  ―  to perform pingshu (storytelling)
      聽書 / 听书  ―  tīngshū  ―  to listen to performance of pingshu (storytelling)
    9. to write
      書寫 / 书写  ―  shūxiě  ―  to write
      罄竹難書 / 罄竹难书  ―  qìngzhúnánshū  ―  (of crimes) to be too many to mention
    10. Short for 書經／书经 (shūjīng, “the Classic of History”).
    11. A surname​.

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 書 (“book”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 書
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 書, 書本 collective, 書籍 collective, 書冊
    Mandarin Beijing 書
    Taiwan 書
    Muping 書
    Jinan 書
    Luoyang 書
    Wanrong 書
    Xi'an 書
    Yinchuan 書
    Lanzhou 書
    Xining 書
    Ürümqi 書
    Wuhan 書
    Chengdu 書, 書些 collective
    Guiyang 書
    Guilin 書
    Liuzhou 書
    Xuzhou 書
    Yangzhou 書, 冊子 euphemistic
    Nanjing 書
    Hefei 書
    Malaysia 書
    Singapore 書
    Dagudi (Maliba) 書
    Reshuitang (Longling) 書
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 書
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 書
    Cantonese Guangzhou 書
    Hong Kong 書
    Macau 書
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 書
    Taishan 書
    Taishan (Guanghai) 書
    Dongguan 書
    Yangjiang 書
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 書
    Hepu (Shatian) 書
    Beihai 書
    Beihai (Nankang) 書
    Beihai (Yingpan) 書
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 書
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 書
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 書
    Danzhou 書
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 書
    Singapore (Guangfu) 書
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 書
    Móng Cái 書
    Mandalay (Taishan) 書
    Gan Nanchang 書
    Lichuan 書
    Pingxiang 書
    Hakka Meixian 書
    Yudu 書
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 書
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 書
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 書
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 書
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 書
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 書
    Huizhou Jixi 書
    Jin Taiyuan 書
    Xinzhou 書
    Liangcheng 書
    Min Bei Jian'ou 書
    Songxi 書
    Jianyang 書
    Min Dong Fuzhou 書
    Gutian 書
    Ningde 書
    Zhouning 書
    Fuding 書冊
    Min Nan Xiamen 冊, 書冊
    Quanzhou 冊, 書, 書冊
    Yongchun 冊, 書
    Zhangzhou 冊
    Zhangpu 冊
    Taipei 書
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 書
    Kaohsiung 冊
    Yilan 冊
    Changhua (Lukang) 書
    Taichung 冊
    Tainan 冊
    Hsinchu 書
    Kinmen 書
    Penghu (Magong) 書
    Penang (Hokkien) 冊
    Singapore (Hokkien) 冊
    Manila (Hokkien) 冊
    Medan (Hokkien) 冊
    Longyan 書冊
    Zhangping 冊
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 冊
    Datian 書
    Chaozhou 書
    Shantou 書, 書冊
    Jieyang 書
    Haifeng 冊
    Bangkok (Teochew) 書
    Chiang Mai (Teochew) 書
    Hat Yai (Teochew) 書
    Singapore (Teochew) 書, 冊
    Pontianak (Teochew) 書
    Leizhou 冊
    Wenchang 冊
    Haikou 冊
    Singapore (Hainanese) 冊
    Puxian Min Putian 冊
    Putian (Donghai) 冊
    Putian (Jiangkou) 冊
    Putian (Nanri) 冊
    Xianyou 冊
    Xianyou (Fengting) 冊
    Xianyou (Youyang) 冊
    Min Zhong Yong'an 書
    Shaxian 書
    Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 書
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 書
    Wu Shanghai 書
    Shanghai (Chongming) 書
    Suzhou 書
    Danyang 書
    Hangzhou 書
    Ningbo 書
    Wenzhou 書
    Jinhua 書
    Xiang Changsha 書
    Xiangxiang 書
    Loudi 書
    Shuangfeng 書
    • (letter):
    Synonyms of 書
    Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
    Mandarin Beijing 信
    Taiwan 信
    Muping 信
    Jinan 信
    Luoyang 信
    Wanrong 信
    Xi'an 信
    Yinchuan 信
    Lanzhou 信
    Xining 信
    Ürümqi 信
    Wuhan 信
    Chengdu 信
    Guiyang 信
    Guilin 信
    Liuzhou 信
    Xuzhou 信
    Yangzhou 信
    Nanjing 信
    Hefei 信
    Malaysia 信
    Singapore 信
    Dagudi (Maliba) 信
    Reshuitang (Longling) 信
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 信
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 信
    Cantonese Guangzhou 信
    Hong Kong 信
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 信
    Macau 信
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 信
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 信
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 信
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 信
    Foshan 信
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 信
    Foshan (Shunde) 信
    Foshan (Sanshui) 信
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 信
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 信
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 信
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 信
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 信
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 信
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 信
    Taishan 信
    Kaiping (Chikan) 信
    Enping (Niujiang) 信
    Heshan (Yayao) 信
    Dongguan 信
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 信
    Shaoguan 信
    Yunfu 信
    Yangjiang 信
    Xinyi 信
    Lianjiang 信
    Beihai 信
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 信
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 信
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 信
    Singapore (Guangfu) 信
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 信
    Móng Cái 信
    Gan Nanchang 信
    Lichuan 信
    Pingxiang 信
    Hakka Meixian 信
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 信
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 信
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 信
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 信
    Conghua (Lütian) 信
    Luhe 信仔
    Yudu 信
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 信仔
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 信仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 信仔
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 信
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 信仔, 信
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 批, 信
    Hong Kong 信
    Huizhou Jixi 信
    Jin Taiyuan 信
    Xinzhou 信
    Min Bei Jian'ou 信
    Songxi 信
    Jianyang 信
    Min Dong Fuzhou 批
    Gutian 批
    Pingnan 批, 信
    Ningde 批
    Zhouning 批
    Fuding 信
    Matsu 批
    Singapore (Fuqing) 批
    Min Nan Xiamen 批, 批信
    Quanzhou 批, 批信
    Yongchun 批
    Zhangzhou 批, 批信
    Zhao'an 批
    Taipei 批
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 批
    Kaohsiung 批
    Yilan 批
    Changhua (Lukang) 批
    Taichung 批
    Taichung (Wuqi) 批
    Tainan 批, 批信
    Taitung 批
    Hsinchu 批
    Kinmen 批
    Penghu (Magong) 批
    Penang (Hokkien) 批
    Singapore (Hokkien) 批, 批信
    Manila (Hokkien) 批
    Longyan 信
    Datian 信
    Chaozhou 信, 批 international incoming letters
    Bangkok (Teochew) 信, 家批 dated
    Singapore (Teochew) 信, 批
    Leizhou 信
    Wenchang 信 domestic, 批 international
    Haikou 信
    Singapore (Hainanese) 信, 批
    Puxian Min Putian 批
    Xianyou 批
    Fuding (Aoyao) 批
    Min Zhong Yong'an 信
    Shaxian 信
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 信
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 信
    Wu Shanghai 信
    Shanghai (Chongming) 信
    Suzhou 信
    Danyang 信
    Ningbo 信
    Wenzhou 信
    Jinhua 信
    Xiang Changsha 信
    Loudi 信
    Shuangfeng 信

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 書

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (書):
    • → Japanese: 書(しょ) (sho)
    • → Korean: 서 (書, seo)
    • → Vietnamese: thư (書)

    "Others":

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    書

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    書
    しょ
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 書 (syo, “writing”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    書(しょ) • (sho) 

    1. document

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    書
    ふみ
    Grade: 2
    Irregular

    PronunciationEdit

    Alternative formsEdit

    NounEdit

    書(ふみ) • (fumi) 

    1. letter

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 書 (MC ɕɨʌ). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    書 (eumhun 글 서 (geul seo))

    1. Hanja form? of 서 (“document”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    書

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    書: Hán Nôm readings: thư

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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