ꜥrf

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːrɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization: aref

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to pack up or wrap up
2. (transitive) to enclose
3. (transitive) to collect (offices or favors)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥrf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrf, geminated stem: ꜥrff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥrf	ꜥrfw, ꜥrf	ꜥrft	ꜥrf	ꜥrf

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥrf	ḥr ꜥrf	m ꜥrf	r ꜥrf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥrf.n	ꜥrfw, ꜥrf	consecutive	ꜥrf.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥrft
perfective3	ꜥrf	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥrf.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥrf	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥrf	ꜥrff	potentialis1	ꜥrf.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥrf	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥrf.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥrf	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥrf	ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5, ꜥrfy5
imperfective	ꜥrf, ꜥrfy, ꜥrfw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥrf, ꜥrfj6, ꜥrfy6	ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5
prospective	ꜥrf, ꜥrftj7	—	ꜥrftj4, ꜥrft4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf  

ꜥrf

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃⲉ (ōrbe)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲣϥ (ōrf)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃ (ōrb)

Noun

 m

1. bag, sachet

Inflection

Declension of ꜥrf (masculine)

singular	ꜥrf
dual	ꜥrfwj
plural	ꜥrfw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf  

ꜥrf	ꜥrf

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 210.20–211.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 45