까다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄢᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: pskó-tá).
The complex consonant cluster reflects syncope from earlier *posoko-, a compound stem with the first element being a contraction of a cognate to ᄇᆞᅀᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: pòzó-tá, “to break”), modern 부수다 (busuda, “to break”). Compare 꺼지다 (kkeojida, “to fall in”), 깨다 (kkaeda, “to break”), 끌 (kkeul, “chisel”), etc., all incorporating the same element (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 131).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈a̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [까다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkada |
| Yale Romanization? | kkata |
Verb edit
까다 • (kkada) (infinitive 까, sequential 까니) (transitive)
- to peel
- (of an animal) to hatch (eggs)
- (colloquial) to speak ill of somebody or something
Conjugation edit
Selected forms of the verb 까다 (kkada): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깐다 kkanda |
까 kka |
까요 kkayo |
깝니다 kkamnida |
| Past | 깠다 kkatda |
깠어 kkasseo |
깠어요 kkasseoyo |
깠습니다 kkatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까느냐 kkaneunya |
까 kka |
까요 kkayo |
깝니까 kkamnikka |
| Past | 깠느냐 kkanneunya |
깠어 kkasseo |
깠어요 kkasseoyo |
깠습니까 kkatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 까자 kkaja |
까 kka |
까요 kkayo |
까십시다 kkasipsida | |
| Imperative | 까라 kkara |
까 kka |
까요 kkayo |
깝시오 kkapsio | |
| Assertive | 까겠다 kkagetda |
까겠어 kkagesseo |
까겠어요 kkagesseoyo |
까겠습니다 kkagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까 kka |
까서 kkaseo |
까니 kkani |
까니까 kkanikka | |
| Contrast | 까지만 kkajiman |
까는데 kkaneunde |
까더니 kkadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 까고 kkago |
||||
| Condition | 까면 kkamyeon |
까야 kkaya |
|||
| Motive | 까려고 kkaryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깜 kkam |
까기 kkagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깠음 kkasseum |
깠기 kkatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깐 kkan | |||
| Present | 까는 kkaneun | ||||
| Future | 깔 kkal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 까신다 kkasinda |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo |
까십니다 kkasimnida |
| Past | 까셨다 kkasyeotda |
까셨어 kkasyeosseo |
까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo |
까셨습니다 kkasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까시느냐 kkasineunya |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo |
까십니까 kkasimnikka |
| Past | 까셨느냐 kkasyeonneunya |
까셨어 kkasyeosseo |
까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo |
까셨습니까 kkasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 까시라 kkasira |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요 kkaseyo |
까십시오 kkasipsio | |
| Assertive | 까시겠다 kkasigetda |
까시겠어 kkasigesseo |
까시겠어요 kkasigesseoyo |
까시겠습니다 kkasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까셔 kkasyeo |
까셔서 kkasyeoseo |
까시니 kkasini |
까시니까 kkasinikka | |
| Contrast | 까시지만 kkasijiman |
까시는데 kkasineunde |
까시더니 kkasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 까시고 kkasigo |
||||
| Condition | 까시면 kkasimyeon |
까셔야 kkasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 까시려고 kkasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 까심 kkasim |
까시기 kkasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 까셨음 kkasyeosseum |
까셨기 kkasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 까신 kkasin | |||
| Present | 까시는 kkasineun | ||||
| Future | 까실 kkasil | ||||