깨다

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆡ〮다〮 (Yale: skóytá).

See also the etymology at Gyeongsang Korean 깨배다 (kkaebaeda).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈk͈ɛ(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈk͈e̞(ː)da̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [깨(ː)다/께(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kkaeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kkaeda
McCune–Reischauer?	kkaeda
Yale Romanization?	kkāyta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	깨다 (kkaeda)
Causative	깨우다 (kkae'uda)

깨다 • (kkaeda) (infinitive 깨 or 깨어, sequential 깨니)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to regain consciousness; to wake up, to awake (from sleep, etc.)

   악몽 때문에 잠에서 깨다 / 잠을 깨다

   angmong ttaemun-e jam-eseo kkaeda / jam-eul kkaeda

   to wake up because of a nightmare

   자다가 깨니 꿈인가 생시인가 아득아득하다.

   Ja-daga kkaeni kkum-in-ga saengsi-in-ga adeugadeukhada.

   When I wake up, I don't know if it was a dream or reality.

2. (intransitive) to wear off, to clear (of alcohol, etc.)

   술이 깬다 ― sur-i kkaenda ― The alcohol wears off

3. (intransitive, figurative) to be enlightened (of a person)
4. (intransitive, figurative, North Korea) to be enlightened; to be progressive (of a society)

Usage notes

• (wake up): Typically waking up without having planned to do so. Compare 일어나다 (ireonada, “to get up; to wake up to start the day”).

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 깨다 (kkaeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깬다 kkaenda	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹니다 kkaemnida
	Past	깼다 kkaetda	깼어 kkaesseo	깼어요 kkaesseoyo	깼습니다 kkaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨느냐 kkaeneunya	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹니까 kkaemnikka
	Past	깼느냐 kkaenneunya	깼어 kkaesseo	깼어요 kkaesseoyo	깼습니까 kkaetseumnikka
Hortative		깨자 kkaeja	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깨십시다 kkaesipsida
Imperative		깨라, 깨어라 kkaera, kkaeeora	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹시오 kkaepsio
Assertive		깨겠다 kkaegetda	깨겠어 kkaegesseo	깨겠어요 kkaegesseoyo	깨겠습니다 kkaegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		깨 kkae	깨서, 깨어서 kkaeseo, kkaeeoseo	깨니 kkaeni	깨니까 kkaenikka
Contrast		깨지만 kkaejiman	깨는데 kkaeneunde	깨더니 kkaedeoni
Conjunction		깨고 kkaego
Condition		깨면 kkaemyeon	깨야, 깨어야 kkaeya, kkaeeoya
Motive		깨려고 kkaeryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		깸 kkaem	깨기 kkaegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깼음, 깨었음 kkaesseum, kkaeeosseum	깼기, 깨었기 kkaetgi, kkaeeotgi
Determiners	Past	깬 kkaen
	Present	깨는 kkaeneun
	Future	깰 kkael

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨신다 kkaesinda	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요, 깨셔요 kkaeseyo, kkaesyeoyo	깨십니다 kkaesimnida
	Past	깨셨다 kkaesyeotda	깨셨어 kkaesyeosseo	깨셨어요 kkaesyeosseoyo	깨셨습니다 kkaesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨시느냐 kkaesineunya	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요, 깨셔요 kkaeseyo, kkaesyeoyo	깨십니까 kkaesimnikka
	Past	깨셨느냐 kkaesyeonneunya	깨셨어 kkaesyeosseo	깨셨어요 kkaesyeosseoyo	깨셨습니까 kkaesyeotseumnikka
Imperative		깨시라 kkaesira	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요 kkaeseyo	깨십시오 kkaesipsio
Assertive		깨시겠다 kkaesigetda	깨시겠어 kkaesigesseo	깨시겠어요 kkaesigesseoyo	깨시겠습니다 kkaesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨셔서 kkaesyeoseo	깨시니 kkaesini	깨시니까 kkaesinikka
Contrast		깨시지만 kkaesijiman	깨시는데 kkaesineunde	깨시더니 kkaesideoni
Conjunction		깨시고 kkaesigo
Condition		깨시면 kkaesimyeon	깨셔야 kkaesyeoya
Motive		깨시려고 kkaesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		깨심 kkaesim	깨시기 kkaesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨셨음 kkaesyeosseum	깨셨기 kkaesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	깨신 kkaesin
	Present	깨시는 kkaesineun
	Future	깨실 kkaesil

Etymology 2

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄢᅢ다〮 (Yale: pskàytá).

Linguist S. Roberts Ramsey suggests that the verb was originally derived from the verb ᄇᆞᅀᆞ (Yale: pozo-, “to break, to shatter”) (> modern 부수다 (busuda)), explaining the unusual /psk-/ initial cluster which is believed to have formed (like other initial Middle Korean clusters) via the dropping of the minimal vowel o in earlier *posok-.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [k͈ɛda̠] ~ [k͈e̞da̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [깨다/께다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kkaeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kkaeda
McCune–Reischauer?	kkaeda
Yale Romanization?	kkayta

Verb

깨다 • (kkaeda) (infinitive 깨 or 깨어, sequential 깨니)

1. to break; to smash; to shatter, to crack
2. to spoil; to disturb; to break
3. to break or beat a record

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 깨다 (kkaeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깬다 kkaenda	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹니다 kkaemnida
	Past	깼다 kkaetda	깼어 kkaesseo	깼어요 kkaesseoyo	깼습니다 kkaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨느냐 kkaeneunya	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹니까 kkaemnikka
	Past	깼느냐 kkaenneunya	깼어 kkaesseo	깼어요 kkaesseoyo	깼습니까 kkaetseumnikka
Hortative		깨자 kkaeja	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깨십시다 kkaesipsida
Imperative		깨라, 깨어라 kkaera, kkaeeora	깨 kkae	깨요, 깨어요 kkaeyo, kkaeeoyo	깹시오 kkaepsio
Assertive		깨겠다 kkaegetda	깨겠어 kkaegesseo	깨겠어요 kkaegesseoyo	깨겠습니다 kkaegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		깨 kkae	깨서, 깨어서 kkaeseo, kkaeeoseo	깨니 kkaeni	깨니까 kkaenikka
Contrast		깨지만 kkaejiman	깨는데 kkaeneunde	깨더니 kkaedeoni
Conjunction		깨고 kkaego
Condition		깨면 kkaemyeon	깨야, 깨어야 kkaeya, kkaeeoya
Motive		깨려고 kkaeryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		깸 kkaem	깨기 kkaegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깼음, 깨었음 kkaesseum, kkaeeosseum	깼기, 깨었기 kkaetgi, kkaeeotgi
Determiners	Past	깬 kkaen
	Present	깨는 kkaeneun
	Future	깰 kkael

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨신다 kkaesinda	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요, 깨셔요 kkaeseyo, kkaesyeoyo	깨십니다 kkaesimnida
	Past	깨셨다 kkaesyeotda	깨셨어 kkaesyeosseo	깨셨어요 kkaesyeosseoyo	깨셨습니다 kkaesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨시느냐 kkaesineunya	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요, 깨셔요 kkaeseyo, kkaesyeoyo	깨십니까 kkaesimnikka
	Past	깨셨느냐 kkaesyeonneunya	깨셨어 kkaesyeosseo	깨셨어요 kkaesyeosseoyo	깨셨습니까 kkaesyeotseumnikka
Imperative		깨시라 kkaesira	깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨세요 kkaeseyo	깨십시오 kkaesipsio
Assertive		깨시겠다 kkaesigetda	깨시겠어 kkaesigesseo	깨시겠어요 kkaesigesseoyo	깨시겠습니다 kkaesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		깨셔 kkaesyeo	깨셔서 kkaesyeoseo	깨시니 kkaesini	깨시니까 kkaesinikka
Contrast		깨시지만 kkaesijiman	깨시는데 kkaesineunde	깨시더니 kkaesideoni
Conjunction		깨시고 kkaesigo
Condition		깨시면 kkaesimyeon	깨셔야 kkaesyeoya
Motive		깨시려고 kkaesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		깨심 kkaesim	깨시기 kkaesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨셨음 kkaesyeosseum	깨셨기 kkaesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	깨신 kkaesin
	Present	깨시는 kkaesineun
	Future	깨실 kkaesil

See also

• 부수다 (busuda, “to break, to smash”)