๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐
Gothic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *deuzฤ .
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ โข (dius)ย n
- wild animal, beast
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 1.13:[1]
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐น๐ณ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ด ๐๐น๐ณ๐
๐๐ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ผ ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐น๐ป๐ด๐น๐ ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐น๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ ๐น๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ.
- jah was in รพizai auรพidai dagฤ fidwลr tiguns fraisans fram satanin, jah was miรพ diuzam, jah aggileis andbahtidฤdun imma.
- And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (KJV).
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐น๐ณ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ด ๐๐น๐ณ๐
๐๐ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ผ ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐น๐ป๐ด๐น๐ ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐น๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ ๐น๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ.
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 15.32:[2]
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฑ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ(๐ผ) ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐
๐ฐ๐น๐ท ๐น๐ฝ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ฝ, ๐๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ ๐ฑ๐๐๐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฝ๐น ๐ฟ๐๐๐ด๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ? ๐ผ๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ณ๐๐น๐ฒ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ด ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐
๐น๐ป๐๐ฐ๐ผ.
- jabai bi manna(m) du diuzam waih in aifaisลn, ฦล mis bลtล jabai dauรพans ni urreisand? matjam jah drigkam, untฤ du maurgina gaswiltam.
- If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die. (KJV).
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฑ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ(๐ผ) ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐
๐ฐ๐น๐ท ๐น๐ฝ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ฝ, ๐๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ ๐ฑ๐๐๐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฝ๐น ๐ฟ๐๐๐ด๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ? ๐ผ๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ณ๐๐น๐ฒ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ด ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐
๐น๐ป๐๐ฐ๐ผ.
Usage notes edit
This word translates Koine Greek ฮธฮทฯฮฏฮฟฮฝ (thฤrรญon), but seems to only be used when describing actual animals in a neutral sense. In an instance where human beings are described pejoratively as "beasts", the word ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฑ๐น๐ฐ๐๐น (unbiari) is used.
The phrase ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ ๐ฐ๐น๐ท (du diuzam waih) translates แผฮธฮทฯฮนฮฟฮผฮฌฯฮทฯฮฑ (ethฤriomรกkhฤsa, โI fought with wild beastsโ).
Reconstruction notes edit
Only the dative plural is attested, which is not enough to determine whether this word is an a-stem or an an-stem, or whether it is masculine or neuter. Streitberg, though, reconstructs a neuter a-stem.
Declension edit
No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed. See also the reconstruction notes.
Neuter a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
Vocative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
Accusative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
Genitive | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐น๐ diuzis |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ด diuzฤ |
Dative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ diuzam |
Hyponyms edit
- ๐ป๐ฐ๐น๐ ๐ฐ (laiwa, โlionโ)
- ๐ ๐ฟ๐ป๐๐ (wulfs, โwolfโ)
- ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ (fauhล, โfoxโ)
See also edit
- ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฑ๐น๐ฐ๐๐น (unbiari, โbeast, animalโ)
References edit
- ^ Mark chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
- ^ Corinthians I chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
Further reading edit
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโs Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p.ย 26