๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ

Gothic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *deuzฤ….

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ โ€ข (dius)ย n

  1. wild animal, beast
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 1.13:[1]
      ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐…๐Œฐ๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œธ๐Œน๐Œถ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œธ๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œด ๐†๐Œน๐Œณ๐…๐‰๐‚ ๐„๐Œน๐Œฒ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐†๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œน๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐†๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œฝ, ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐…๐Œฐ๐ƒ ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ๐Œผ, ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œฒ๐Œน๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐„๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œด๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ ๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ.
      jah was in รพizai auรพidai dagฤ“ fidwลr tiguns fraisans fram satanin, jah was miรพ diuzam, jah aggileis andbahtidฤ“dun imma.
      And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 15.32:[2]
      ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œฑ๐Œน ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ(๐Œผ) ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐…๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐†๐Œฐ๐Œน๐ƒ๐‰๐Œฝ, ๐ˆ๐‰ ๐Œผ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œฑ๐‰๐„๐‰ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œฝ๐Œน ๐Œฟ๐‚๐‚๐Œด๐Œน๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ? ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐„๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œณ๐‚๐Œน๐Œฒ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œผ, ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐„๐Œด ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฒ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐ƒ๐…๐Œน๐Œป๐„๐Œฐ๐Œผ.
      jabai bi manna(m) du diuzam waih in aifaisลn, ฦ•ล mis bลtล jabai dauรพans ni urreisand? matjam jah drigkam, untฤ“ du maurgina gaswiltam.
      If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die. (KJV).

Usage notes edit

This word translates Koine Greek ฮธฮทฯฮฏฮฟฮฝ (thฤ“rรญon), but seems to only be used when describing actual animals in a neutral sense. In an instance where human beings are described pejoratively as "beasts", the word ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œฑ๐Œน๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œน (unbiari) is used.

The phrase ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐…๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท (du diuzam waih) translates แผฮธฮทฯฮนฮฟฮผฮฌฯ‡ฮทฯƒฮฑ (ethฤ“riomรกkhฤ“sa, โ€œI fought with wild beastsโ€).

Reconstruction notes edit

Only the dative plural is attested, which is not enough to determine whether this word is an a-stem or an an-stem, or whether it is masculine or neuter. Streitberg, though, reconstructs a neuter a-stem.

Declension edit

No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed. See also the reconstruction notes.

Neuter a-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ
dius
๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ
diuza
Vocative ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ
dius
๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ
diuza
Accusative ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ
dius
๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ
diuza
Genitive ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œน๐ƒ
diuzis
๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œด
diuzฤ“
Dative ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ
diuza
๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐Œถ๐Œฐ๐Œผ
diuzam

Hyponyms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Mark chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ Corinthians I chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading edit

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโ€™s Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p.ย 26