πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Germanic *lesanΔ… (β€œto gather, collect”).

Verb edit

πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (lisan)

  1. to gather
  2. to collect
Conjugation edit
Class 5 strong
Infinitive πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½
lisan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°
lisa
πŒ»πŒ°πƒ
las
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
lisada
2nd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΉπƒ
lisis
πŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„
last
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
lisaza
3rd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
lisiΓΎ
πŒ»πŒ°πƒ
las
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
lisada
1st dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ‰πƒ
lisōs
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΏ
lΔ“su
β€”
2nd dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
lisats
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπ„πƒ
lΔ“suts
β€”
1st plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΌ
lisam
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΌ
lΔ“sum
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
lisanda
2nd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
lisiΓΎ
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΈ
lΔ“suΓΎ
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
lisanda
3rd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
lisand
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒ½
lΔ“sun
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
lisanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏ
lisau
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
lΔ“sjau
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisaidau
2nd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
lisais
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
lΔ“seis
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
lisaizau
3rd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉ
lisai
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΉ
lΔ“si
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisaidau
1st dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
lisaiwa
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
lΔ“seiwa
β€”
2nd dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
lisaits
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
lΔ“seits
β€”
1st plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
lisaima
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
lΔ“seima
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisaindau
2nd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
lisaiΓΎ
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
lΔ“seiΓΎ
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisaindau
3rd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
lisaina
πŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
lΔ“seina
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒ
lis
3rd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisadau
2nd dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
lisats
2nd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
lisiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
lisandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
lisands
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πƒ
lisans
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *lizanΔ…, following Kroonen. Or, per Lehmann, KΓΆbler and others (see references), a Gothic innovation by analogy with the preterite-present verb π…πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½ (witan, β€œto know”).

Verb edit

πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (lisan)

  1. (hapax) to know
    • Gothic Bible, Philippians 4:12:
      πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌺, πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ°πƒπƒπŒΏ 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽; 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒΏπƒπŒΈπ‚π‰πŒΈπŒΉπŒΈπƒ 𐌹𐌼, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒ°πŒ³πƒ π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ²π‚πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ°πƒπƒπŒ°πŒΏ 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ±π‰πƒ 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽.
      lais jah haunjan mik, lais jah ufarassu haban; in allamma jah in allaim usΓΎrōþiΓΎs im, jah sads wairΓΎan jah grΔ“dags, jah ufarassau haban jah ΓΎarbōs ΓΎulan.
      I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound: every where and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be hungry, both to abound and to suffer need. (KJV)
Conjugation edit

The only attested form of the verb is πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒ (lais).

Preterite-present
Infinitive πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½
lisan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
lais
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°
lista
β€”
2nd singular πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπ„
laist
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πƒ
listΔ“s
β€”
3rd singular πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
lais
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°
lista
β€”
1st dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΏ
lisu
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
listΔ“du
β€”
2nd dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΏπ„πƒ
lisuts
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
listΔ“duts
β€”
1st plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΏπŒΌ
lisum
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
listΔ“dum
β€”
2nd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΏπŒΈ
lisuΓΎ
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
listΔ“duΓΎ
β€”
3rd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΏπŒ½
lisun
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
listΔ“dun
β€”
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
lisjau
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
listΔ“djau
β€”
2nd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
liseis
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
listΔ“deis
β€”
3rd singular πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΉ
lisi
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
listΔ“di
β€”
1st dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
liseiwa
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
listΔ“deiwa
β€”
2nd dual πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
liseits
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
listΔ“deits
β€”
1st plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
liseima
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
listΔ“deima
β€”
2nd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
liseiΓΎ
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
listΔ“deiΓΎ
β€”
3rd plural πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
liseina
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
listΔ“deina
β€”
Imperative
2nd singular β€”
3rd singular β€”
2nd dual β€”
2nd plural β€”
3rd plural β€”
Present Past
Participles πŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
lisands
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πƒ
lists
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

References edit

  • "lisan" inΒ KΓΆbler, Gerhard, Gotisches WΓΆrterbuch (4th edition 2014)
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) β€œ*lisan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, page 349
  • Lehmann, Winfred, β€œlais”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, Leiden: Brill, 1986, page 225.