last
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: läst, IPA(key): /lɑːst/
- (General American) enPR: lăst, IPA(key): /læst/
Audio (US) (file) - (Northern England) IPA(key): /last/
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ɫast/
- Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.
AdjectiveEdit
last (not comparable)
- Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
- Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
- “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
- Most recent, latest, last so far.
- 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
- In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
- The last time I saw him, he was married.
- I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […]. (archaic usage)
- Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
- He is the last person to be accused of theft.
- The last person I want to meet is Helen.
- More rain is the last thing we need right now.
- Being the only one remaining of its class.
- Japan is the last empire.
- Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
- 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War
- Contending for principles of the last importance.
- 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War
- Lowest in rank or degree.
- the last prize
- 1715–1720, Homer; [Alexander] Pope, transl., “Book 23”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], OCLC 670734254:
SynonymsEdit
- (final): at the end, caboose, dernier (dated), final, tail end, terminal, ultimate, lattermost
- (most recent): latest, most recent
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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DeterminerEdit
last
- The (one) immediately before the present.
- We went there last year.
- I was last to arrive.
- (of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.
- It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
- When you say last Monday, do you mean the Monday just gone, or the one before that?
Usage notesEdit
- (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
TranslationsEdit
AdverbEdit
last (not comparable)
- Most recently.
- When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
- c. 1591–1595, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene v]:
- How long is't now since last yourself and I / Were in a mask?
- (sequence) after everything else; finally
- I'll go last as I have to add the butter last.
- 1717, William Congreve; Samuel Croxall; John Dryden; Laurence Eusden; John Ozell, “Book X”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 731548838:
- Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, / Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires.
SynonymsEdit
- (after everything else): finally, lastly; see also Thesaurus:lastly
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *laistijan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).
VerbEdit
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
- (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
- Summer seems to last longer each year.
- They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0016:
- Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
- (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
- I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 3Edit
From Old English lǣste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten.
NounEdit
last (plural lasts)
- A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
- How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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VerbEdit
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
- to last a boot
Etymology 4Edit
From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.
NounEdit
- (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
- (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
- Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
- 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,
- The last of wool is twelve sacks.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
- (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Further readingEdit
- last at OneLook Dictionary Search.
- last (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- last on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
AnagramsEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb laden (“to transport”), from Old Saxon hladan.
NounEdit
last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)
- cargo
- cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
- weight, burden
InflectionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
NounEdit
last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)
InflectionEdit
Etymology 3Edit
See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).
VerbEdit
last
- imperative of laste
Further readingEdit
- last on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
NounEdit
last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)
- load, weight
- burden
- hindrance, problem
- expense
- (law) requirement, duty
- (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Negerhollands: last
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
last
- second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
- (archaic) plural imperative of lassen
AnagramsEdit
EstonianEdit
NounEdit
last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | last | lastid |
genitive | lasti | lastide |
partitive | lasti | laste / lastisid |
illative | lasti / lastisse | lastidesse / lastesse |
inessive | lastis | lastides / lastes |
elative | lastist | lastidest / lastest |
allative | lastile | lastidele / lastele |
adessive | lastil | lastidel / lastel |
ablative | lastilt | lastidelt / lastelt |
translative | lastiks | lastideks / lasteks |
terminative | lastini | lastideni |
essive | lastina | lastidena |
abessive | lastita | lastideta |
comitative | lastiga | lastidega |
NounEdit
last
FaroeseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
NounEdit
last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)
InflectionEdit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.
NounEdit
last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)
- cargo
- cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
InflectionEdit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
VerbEdit
last
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
See löstur (“fault, vice, reprehensible action”)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
- (blame): baktal
Derived termsEdit
- guðlast (“blasphemy”)
Related termsEdit
- lasta (“to blame”)
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
NounEdit
last m or f or n
- load, weight
- task, duty, obligation
- tax (money)
- (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
- a unit of volume
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “last”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “last”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German last.
NounEdit
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
last
- imperative of laste
ReferencesEdit
- “last” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German last.
NounEdit
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “last” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *volstь.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lȃst f
InflectionEdit
Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent | ||
---|---|---|
nominative | lást | |
genitive | lastí | |
singular | ||
nominative | lást | |
accusative | lást | |
genitive | lastí | |
dative | lásti | |
locative | lásti | |
instrumental | lastjó |
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
audio (file)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.
NounEdit
last c
- cargo
- load; a burden
- load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
- (engineering) load; a force on a structure
- (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
DeclensionEdit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | last | lasten | laster | lasterna |
Genitive | lasts | lastens | lasters | lasternas |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Finnish: lasti
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Swedish laster (Old Icelandic lǫstr), from Old Norse löstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
NounEdit
last c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | last | lasten | laster | lasterna |
Genitive | lasts | lastens | lasters | lasternas |