Wiktionary

last

See also: Last, lȧ̃st, läst, and låst

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English last, latst, syncopated variant of latest.

AdjectiveEdit

last (not comparable)

  1. Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
    • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
      Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
    “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
  2. Most recent, latest, last so far.
    • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
      In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
    The last time I saw him, he was married.
    I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […]
    .   (archaic usage)
  3. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
    He is the last person to be accused of theft.
    The last person I want to meet is Helen.
    More rain is the last thing we need right now.
  4. Being the only one remaining of its class.
    Japan is the last empire.
  5. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
    • (Can we date this quote by R. Hall and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Contending for principles of the last importance.
  6. Lowest in rank or degree.
    the last prize
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Alexander Pope to this entry?)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

DeterminerEdit

last

  1. The (one) immediately before the present.
    We went there last year.
  2. (of a day of the week) Closest to seven days (one week) ago.
    It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
Usage notesEdit
  • (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
TranslationsEdit

AdverbEdit

last (not comparable)

  1. Most recently.
    When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
  2. (sequence) after everything else; finally
    I'll go last.
    last but not least
    • (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, / Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires.
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

VerbEdit

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
  2. (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
    Summer seems to last longer each year.
    They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
  3. (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
    I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
SynonymsEdit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}} to add them to the appropriate sense(s).
AntonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 3Edit

 
Various lasts, circa 1930.

From Old English læste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten.

NounEdit

last (plural lasts)

  1. A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
    • 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
      How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

VerbEdit

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
    to last a boot

Etymology 4Edit

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

NounEdit

last (plural lasts)

  1. (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
  2. (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
    • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
      Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
    • 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,
      The last of wool is twelve sacks.
  3. (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
  4. A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German last.

NounEdit

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
  3. weight, burden
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse lǫstr

NounEdit

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. vice
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes

Etymology 3Edit

See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).

VerbEdit

last

  1. imperative of laste

Further readingEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

NounEdit

last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)

  1. load, weight
  2. burden
  3. hindrance, problem
  4. expense
  5. (law) requirement, duty
  6. (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

VerbEdit

last

  1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
  2. (archaic) plural imperative of lassen

AnagramsEdit

EstonianEdit

NounEdit

last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)

  1. cargo

DeclensionEdit

Declension of last (type riik)
singular plural
nominative last lastid
genitive lasti lastide
partitive lasti laste / lastisid
illative lasti / lastisse lastidesse
inessive lastis lastides
elative lastist lastidest
allative lastile lastidele
adessive lastil lastidel
ablative lastilt lastidelt
translative lastiks lastideks
terminative lastini lastideni
essive lastina lastidena
abessive lastita lastideta
comitative lastiga lastidega

NounEdit

last

  1. partitive singular of laps

FaroeseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse lǫstr

NounEdit

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. vice
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Low German last.

NounEdit

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

GermanEdit

VerbEdit

last

  1. Second-person singular preterite of lesen.
  2. Second-person plural preterite of lesen.

IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)

  1. blame

DeclensionEdit

declension of last
n-s singular
indefinite definite
nominative last lastið
accusative last lastið
dative lasti lastinu
genitive lasts lastsins

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

NounEdit

last m or f or n

  1. load, weight
  2. task, duty, obligation
  3. tax (money)
  4. (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
  5. a unit of volume

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: last
  • Limburgish: las

Further readingEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German last

NounEdit

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)

  1. a load or cargo
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from last

Etymology 2Edit

VerbEdit

last

  1. imperative of laste

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Low German last

NounEdit

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)

  1. a load or cargo

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from last

ReferencesEdit

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *laistaz, along with the feminine variant lǣst. Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)

  1. footstep, track

Related termsEdit

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *volstь.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lȃst f

  1. property

InflectionEdit

Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent
nominative lást
genitive lastí
singular
nominative lást
accusative lást
genitive lastí
dative lásti
locative lásti
instrumental lastjó

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

last c

  1. cargo
  2. load; a burden
  3. load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
  4. (engineering) load; a force on a structure
  5. (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
  6. habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice
    Rökning var hans enda last

DeclensionEdit

Declension of last 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative last lasten laster lasterna
Genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternas

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

AnagramsEdit

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