Wiktionary

last

See also: Last, lȧst, läst, låst, and læst

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.

AdjectiveEdit

last (not comparable)

  1. Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
    “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
  2. Most recent, latest, last so far.
    • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
      She told him the last news about little Georgy, and how he was gone to spend that very day with his sisters in the country.
    • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
      In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
    The last time I saw him, he was married.
    I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […]
    .   (archaic usage)
  3. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
    He is the last person to be accused of theft.
    The last person I want to meet is Helen.
    More rain is the last thing we need right now.
  4. Being the only one remaining of its class.
    Japan is the last empire.
  5. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
    • 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War
      Contending for principles of the last importance.
  6. Lowest in rank or degree.
    the last prize
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

DeterminerEdit

last

  1. The (one) immediately before the present.
    We went there last year.
    I was last to arrive.
  2. (of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.
    It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
    When you say last Monday, do you mean the Monday just gone, or the one before that?
Usage notesEdit
  • (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
TranslationsEdit

AdverbEdit

last (not comparable)

  1. Most recently.
    When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
  2. (sequence) after everything else; finally
    I'll go last as I have to add the butter last.
    last but not least
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *laistijan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

VerbEdit

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
  2. (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
    Summer seems to last longer each year.
    They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
  3. (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
    I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
SynonymsEdit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
AntonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

 
Various lasts, circa 1930.

From Old English lǣste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten.

NounEdit

last (plural lasts)

  1. A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
    • 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
      How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

VerbEdit

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

  1. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
    to last a boot

Etymology 4Edit

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

NounEdit

last (plural lasts or lasten)

  1. (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
  2. (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
    • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:
      Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
    • 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,
      The last of wool is twelve sacks.
  3. (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
  4. A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

ChineseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English last.

Pronunciation 1Edit

AdjectiveEdit

last

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) last (final; ultimate)

Pronunciation 2Edit

VerbEdit

last

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to last (to endure)

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German last, from the verb laden (“to transport”), from Old Saxon hladan.

NounEdit

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
  3. weight, burden
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

NounEdit

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

  1. vice
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lasten laster lasterne
genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternes

Etymology 3Edit

See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).

VerbEdit

last

  1. imperative of laste

Further readingEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

NounEdit

last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)

  1. load, weight
  2. burden
  3. hindrance, problem
  4. expense
  5. (law) requirement, duty
  6. (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Negerhollands: last

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

last

  1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
  2. (archaic) plural imperative of lassen

AnagramsEdit

EstonianEdit

NounEdit

last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)

  1. cargo

DeclensionEdit

Declension of last (type riik)
singular plural
nominative last lastid
genitive lasti lastide
partitive lasti laste / lastisid
illative lasti / lastisse lastidesse / lastesse
inessive lastis lastides / lastes
elative lastist lastidest / lastest
allative lastile lastidele / lastele
adessive lastil lastidel / lastel
ablative lastilt lastidelt / lastelt
translative lastiks lastideks / lasteks
terminative lastini lastideni
essive lastina lastidena
abessive lastita lastideta
comitative lastiga lastidega

NounEdit

last

  1. partitive singular of laps

FaroeseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

NounEdit

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. vice
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.

NounEdit

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

  1. cargo
  2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
InflectionEdit
Declension of last
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative last lastin lastir lastirnar
accusative last lastina lastir lastirnar
dative last lastini lastum lastunum
genitive lastar lastarinnar lasta lastanna

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

last

  1. second-person singular/plural preterite of lesen

IcelandicEdit

EtymologyEdit

See löstur (“fault, vice, reprehensible action”)

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)

  1. blame

DeclensionEdit

declension of last
n-s singular
indefinite definite
nominative last lastið
accusative last lastið
dative lasti lastinu
genitive lasts lastsins

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

NounEdit

last m or f or n

  1. load, weight
  2. task, duty, obligation
  3. tax (money)
  4. (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
  5. a unit of volume

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German last.

NounEdit

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)

  1. a load or cargo
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from last

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

last

  1. imperative of laste

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Low German last.

NounEdit

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)

  1. a load or cargo

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from last

ReferencesEdit

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.

Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)

  1. footstep, track

DeclensionEdit

Declension of last (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative lāst lāstas
accusative lāst lāstas
genitive lāstes lāsta
dative lāste lāstum

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *volstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lȃst f

  1. property

InflectionEdit

Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent
nominative lást
genitive lastí
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		lást
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		—
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		—
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		—
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		lásti
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		lastjó

Further readingEdit

  • “last”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

SwedishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.

NounEdit

last c

  1. cargo
  2. load; a burden
  3. load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
  4. (engineering) load; a force on a structure
  5. (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
DeclensionEdit
Declension of last 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative last lasten laster lasterna
Genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternas
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Swedish laster (Old Icelandic lǫstr), from Old Norse löstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).

NounEdit

last c

  1. habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice
    Rökning var hans enda last
    Smoking was his only vice
DeclensionEdit
Declension of last 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative last lasten laster lasterna
Genitive lasts lastens lasters lasternas
Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

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