𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰

Sogdian

Alternative forms

• 𐫞𐫀𐫄𐫔𐫀 (qʾɣδʾ) — Manichaean

Etymology

Unknown, perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ).

Noun

𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /kāγaδā/)

1. paper

Derived terms

• 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼷𐼰𐼸 (kʾɣδyʾk /⁠kāγaδyāk⁠/, “of paper”)
• 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰𐼸𐼳 (kʾɣδʾkh /⁠kāγaδāk⁠/, “paper”)

Descendants

• → Persian: کاغذ (kâğaz), قاغذ (qâğaz)
  • Tajik: коғаз (koġaz)
  • → Arabic: كاغد (kāḡad, kāḡid)
  • → Abkhaz: a-қьаад (a-kʲaad)
  • → Assamese: কাকত (kakot), কাগজ (kagoz)
  • → Baluchi: کاگد (kágad)
  • → Bengali: কাগজ (kagoj)
  • → Georgian: ქაღალდი (kaɣaldi)
  • → Gujarati: કાગળ (kāgaḷ)
  • → Hindustani:
    • Hindi: काग़ज़ (kāġaz)
    • Urdu: کاغذ (kāġaz)
  • → Kannada: ಕಾಗದ (kāgada)
  • → Kurdish:
    • Northern Kurdish: kaxez
    • Central Kurdish: کاغەز (kaẍez), قاغەز (qaẍez), قاقەز (qaqez)
  • → Malayalam: കടലാസ് (kaṭalāsŭ)
  • → Marathi: कागद (kāgad)
  • → Mingrelian: ქაღარდი (kaɣardi), ქარღადი (karɣadi)
  • → Nepali: कागज (kāgaj)
  • → Marwari: कागद (kāgad)
  • → Sindhi: ڪاغذ (kāḡaz)
  • → Svan: ქაღალთ (kaɣalt)
  • → Tamil: காகிதம் (kākitam)
  • → Telugu: కాగితము (kāgitamu)
• → Turkic:
  • Azerbaijani: کاغیز / kağız / кағыз
  • Bashkir: ҡағыҙ (qağıź)
  • Crimean Tatar: kâğıt
  • Karachay-Balkar: къагъыт (qağıt)
  • Kazakh: қағаз (qağaz)
  • Kumyk: кагъыз (kağız)
  • Kyrgyz: кагаз (kagaz)
  • Ottoman Turkish: كاغد (ḱāğıd), كاغذ (kâgaz)
    • Turkish: kâğıt
    • → Serbo-Croatian: ћага, ćaga
  • Tatar: кәгазь (käğaz’), кыйагаз (qıyağaz)
  • Turkmen: kagyz
  • Uyghur: قەغەز (qeghez)
  • Uzbek: qogʻoz
• → Maghrebi Arabic:
  • Algerian Arabic: كاغط
    • → Kabyle: lkaɣeḍ
  • Libyan Arabic: كاغط (kāǧəţ)
  • Moroccan Arabic: كاغط (káḡiṭ)
• → Ossetian:
  • Iron Ossetian: гӕххӕ́тт (gæxxǽtt), гӕххӕт (gæxxæt)
  • Digor Ossetian: гӕгъӕди (gæǧædi) (possibly via Georgian)
• → Mongolic:
  • Mongolian: цаас (caas) / ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ (čaɣasu)

References

• B. Gharib (2013), "Sogdian language i. Loanwords in Persian", Encyclopædia Iranica
• Gharib, B. (1995) “kʾγδʾ”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 185b
• Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 517
• "Kāghad" in Cl. Huart, A. Grohmann (1997), Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, volume 4: Iran-Kha, edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, assisted by C. Dumont, M. Paterson and F. Th. Dijkema, M., Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 419b
• TITUS