كاغد

See also: كاغذ, کاغد, and کاغذ

Arabic

Alternative forms

• كَاغِذ (kāḡiḏ), كَاغَذ (kāḡaḏ), كَاغِيد (kāḡīd)

Etymology

From Persian کاغذ (kâğaz, kâğez), کاغد (kâğad, kâğed).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaː.ɣið/, /kaː.ɣad/

Noun

كَاغِد or كَاغَد • (kāḡid or kāḡad) m (collective, singulative كَاغِدَة f (kāḡida), plural كَوَاغِد (kawāḡid))

1. a kind of paper

Declension

Declension of noun كَاغِد (kāḡid)‎; كَاغَد (kāḡad)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَاغِد‎; كَاغَد kāḡid‎; kāḡad	الْكَاغِد‎; الْكَاغَد al-kāḡid‎; al-kāḡad	كَاغِد‎; كَاغَد kāḡid‎; kāḡad
Nominative	كَاغِدٌ‎; كَاغَدٌ kāḡidun‎; kāḡadun	الْكَاغِدُ‎; الْكَاغَدُ al-kāḡidu‎; al-kāḡadu	كَاغِدُ‎; كَاغَدُ kāḡidu‎; kāḡadu
Accusative	كَاغِدًا‎; كَاغَدًا kāḡidan‎; kāḡadan	الْكَاغِدَ‎; الْكَاغَدَ al-kāḡida‎; al-kāḡada	كَاغِدَ‎; كَاغَدَ kāḡida‎; kāḡada
Genitive	كَاغِدٍ‎; كَاغَدٍ kāḡidin‎; kāḡadin	الْكَاغِدِ‎; الْكَاغَدِ al-kāḡidi‎; al-kāḡadi	كَاغِدِ‎; كَاغَدِ kāḡidi‎; kāḡadi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَاغِدَة‎; كَاغَدَة kāḡida‎; kāḡada	الْكَاغِدَة‎; الْكَاغَدَة al-kāḡida‎; al-kāḡada	كَاغِدَة‎; كَاغَدَة kāḡidat‎; kāḡadat
Nominative	كَاغِدَةٌ‎; كَاغَدَةٌ kāḡidatun‎; kāḡadatun	الْكَاغِدَةُ‎; الْكَاغَدَةُ al-kāḡidatu‎; al-kāḡadatu	كَاغِدَةُ‎; كَاغَدَةُ kāḡidatu‎; kāḡadatu
Accusative	كَاغِدَةً‎; كَاغَدَةً kāḡidatan‎; kāḡadatan	الْكَاغِدَةَ‎; الْكَاغَدَةَ al-kāḡidata‎; al-kāḡadata	كَاغِدَةَ‎; كَاغَدَةَ kāḡidata‎; kāḡadata
Genitive	كَاغِدَةٍ‎; كَاغَدَةٍ kāḡidatin‎; kāḡadatin	الْكَاغِدَةِ‎; الْكَاغَدَةِ al-kāḡidati‎; al-kāḡadati	كَاغِدَةِ‎; كَاغَدَةِ kāḡidati‎; kāḡadati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَاغِدَتَيْن‎; كَاغَدَتَيْن kāḡidatayn‎; kāḡadatayn	الْكَاغِدَتَيْن‎; الْكَاغَدَتَيْن al-kāḡidatayn‎; al-kāḡadatayn	كَاغِدَتَيْ‎; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay‎; kāḡadatay
Nominative	كَاغِدَتَانِ‎; كَاغَدَتَانِ kāḡidatāni‎; kāḡadatāni	الْكَاغِدَتَانِ‎; الْكَاغَدَتَانِ al-kāḡidatāni‎; al-kāḡadatāni	كَاغِدَتَا‎; كَاغَدَتَا kāḡidatā‎; kāḡadatā
Accusative	كَاغِدَتَيْنِ‎; كَاغَدَتَيْنِ kāḡidatayni‎; kāḡadatayni	الْكَاغِدَتَيْنِ‎; الْكَاغَدَتَيْنِ al-kāḡidatayni‎; al-kāḡadatayni	كَاغِدَتَيْ‎; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay‎; kāḡadatay
Genitive	كَاغِدَتَيْنِ‎; كَاغَدَتَيْنِ kāḡidatayni‎; kāḡadatayni	الْكَاغِدَتَيْنِ‎; الْكَاغَدَتَيْنِ al-kāḡidatayni‎; al-kāḡadatayni	كَاغِدَتَيْ‎; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay‎; kāḡadatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَاغِدَات‎; كَاغَدَات kāḡidāt‎; kāḡadāt	الْكَاغِدَات‎; الْكَاغَدَات al-kāḡidāt‎; al-kāḡadāt	كَاغِدَات‎; كَاغَدَات kāḡidāt‎; kāḡadāt
Nominative	كَاغِدَاتٌ‎; كَاغَدَاتٌ kāḡidātun‎; kāḡadātun	الْكَاغِدَاتُ‎; الْكَاغَدَاتُ al-kāḡidātu‎; al-kāḡadātu	كَاغِدَاتُ‎; كَاغَدَاتُ kāḡidātu‎; kāḡadātu
Accusative	كَاغِدَاتٍ‎; كَاغَدَاتٍ kāḡidātin‎; kāḡadātin	الْكَاغِدَاتِ‎; الْكَاغَدَاتِ al-kāḡidāti‎; al-kāḡadāti	كَاغِدَاتِ‎; كَاغَدَاتِ kāḡidāti‎; kāḡadāti
Genitive	كَاغِدَاتٍ‎; كَاغَدَاتٍ kāḡidātin‎; kāḡadātin	الْكَاغِدَاتِ‎; الْكَاغَدَاتِ al-kāḡidāti‎; al-kāḡadāti	كَاغِدَاتِ‎; كَاغَدَاتِ kāḡidāti‎; kāḡadāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَوَاغِد kawāḡid	الْكَوَاغِد al-kawāḡid	كَوَاغِد kawāḡid
Nominative	كَوَاغِدُ kawāḡidu	الْكَوَاغِدُ al-kawāḡidu	كَوَاغِدُ kawāḡidu
Accusative	كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida	الْكَوَاغِدَ al-kawāḡida	كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida
Genitive	كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida	الْكَوَاغِدِ al-kawāḡidi	كَوَاغِدِ kawāḡidi

Quotations

click to expand

• a. 957, آبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن محمد الفارسي الإصطخري, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, كتاب مسالك الممالك وهو معول على كتاب صور الأقاليم [kitāb masālik al-mamālik wa-huwa muʿawwal ʿalā kitāb ṣuwar al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 1)‎^[1], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1870, page 288 line 11:
• 977, أبو القاسم بن حوقل, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, كتاب مسالك والممالك [kitāb masālik wa-l-mamālik] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 2)‎^[2], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1873, page 337 line 5:
• a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎^[3], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 326 line 4:
• a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎^[4], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 6a of footer line 7:
  as in
  a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎^[5], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 10 line 12:
• a. 1135, Ibn ʿAbdūn, “Un document sur la vie urbaine et les corps de métiers à Séville au début du XII^e siècle: Le traité d’Ibn ʿAbdūn publié avec une introduction et un glossaire”, in Évariste Lévi-Provençal, editor, Journal asiatique‎^[6], number 2, published 1934, page 238 (٣٦) line 14:
• 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎^[7], volume IV, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1858, page 260 line 5:

References

• Ibn Ḵātima (a. 1369) “Un document nouveau sur l’arabe dialectal d’Occident au XII^e siècle = إيراد اللآل من إنشاد الضوال [ʾīrad l-laʾāl min ʾinšād aḍ-ḍawāl]”, in G. S. Colin, editor, Hespéris‎^[8], volume 12, number 1, published 1931, page 14 footnote 4
• Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎^[9] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 341

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish كاغد (ḱâğıd), from Persian کاغد (kâğed, “paper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑːʁəd/

Noun

كاغَد • (kāġad) (dual ?, plural ?)

1. tobacco rolling paper

References

• l-iRšēd, Ḵālid (2012) “كاغد”, in Ḵālid Jumʿa, editor, موسوعة اللهجة الكويتية [The Encyclopedia of the Kuwaiti Dialect]‎^[10], 2nd edition (overall work in Gulf Arabic and Arabic), Kuwaiti City: ناشري [Nāširi], →ISBN

Ottoman Turkish

كاغد

Etymology

From Persian کاغذ (kâğaz, “paper”), itself from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾγδʾ /⁠kāγaδā⁠/). Further etymology is unknown, perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ); cognate with Azerbaijani kağız, Bashkir ҡағыҙ (qağıź), Kazakh қағаз (qağaz), Kyrgyz кагаз (kagaz), Tatar кәгазь (käğaz’), Turkmen kagyz, Uyghur قەغەز (qeghez) and Uzbek qog'oz.

Noun

كاغد • (kâğıd) (definite accusative كاغدی (kâğıdı), plural كاغدلر (kâğıdlar))

1. paper, a material made of cellulose fibres used for writing or printing

   Synonym: قرطاس (kırtas)

   • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎^[11], page 25:

     افندیلر ؛ او مسوده ایشته عیناً شو كاغدلردر.

     Efendiler; o müsvedde işte aynen şu ḱağıdlardır.

     Gentlemen; that draft is exacly those papers.

2. sheet, a usually rectangular piece of paper that has been prepared for writing or printing
3. written or printed paper, a letter or document written on a paper sheet
4. playing card, any of the rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games

Derived terms

• آبادی كاغدی (abadi kâğıdı, “silk paper”)
• اویون كاغدی (oyun kâğıdı, “playing card”)
• كاغد آلمق (kâğıd almak, “to receive a letter or document”)
• كاغد حلواسی (kâğıd helvası, “pastry wafers”)
• كاغد قاپلامق (kâğıd kaplamak, “to paper a room”)
• كاغد یازمق (kâğıd yazmak, “to write a letter”)
• كاغدجی (kâğıdcı, “paper dealer”)
• كاغدخانه (kâğıdhane, “paper manufactory”)
• چرچوه كاغدی (çerçeve kâğıdı, “paper used in lieu of glass”)
• یاغلو كاغد (yağlı kâğıd, “oiled paper”)
• یول كاغدی (yol kâğıdı, “passport”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: kâğıt
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: ћага

  Latin script: ćaga

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kâğıt”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2332
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كاغد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[12], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1005
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Charta”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[13], Vienna, column 175
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كاغد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[14], Vienna, column 3848
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kâğıt”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كاغد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[15], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1518