𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿

Old Uyghur

Etymology

Derived from 𐽲𐽰 (qa, “family”) +‎ -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-daš, “mutuality suffix”), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese 家 (kˠa, “family”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰵𐰒𐱂 (qadaš).

Unrelated to Turkish kardeş, Kyrgyz карындаш (karındaş), and the like seen in modern languages, which have *kạrïn (“belly”) (𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (karïn)) as the first element instead.

Noun

𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 or 𐽵𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qadaš or hadaš)

1. relative

   Synonyms: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (bagïr), 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽻𐾅𐽳𐽷 (böšük), 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶 (čeči), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (körtük), 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽿 (kudaš), 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (térin), 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (tugmïš), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (tüŋür), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (urug)

   • c. 11th century, Story of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XXXV.5:

     𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽻𐾅 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐾁𐽼 […] 𐽷𐽹𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐾀𐽶

     Ötrü qadaš ayïg ögli teginig ötlep […] kémi tutuzup yantru ïdtï.

     Later, his relative gave advice to the ill-willed prince […] leaving the ship to him and sending it back.

2. friend, fellow

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳadaş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 160
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kadaş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 607
• Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kadaš ~ k(a)daš ~ kad(a)š”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 317