家
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
家 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 286, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
- Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 930, character 15
- Unihan data for U+5BB6
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 家 | |||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).
豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 (jiā) in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.
Etymology 1Edit
| simp. and trad. |
家 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𡦼 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, “castle; house”) (Schuessler, 2007).
嫁 (OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
家
- home
- family; household (Classifier: 頭／头 c)
- (polite, for family member) my
- 家父 ― jiāfù ― my father
- domesticated; domestic
- Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
- school of thought; philosophical school
- (historical, obsolete) fief of ministers or senior officials
- 若使天下兼相愛，愛人若愛其身：……猶有大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者乎？視人家若其家，誰亂？視人國若其國，誰攻？故大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
- Ruòshǐ tiānxià jiān xiàng'ài, àirén ruò ài qí shēn:...... Yóu yǒu dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě hū? Shì rénjiā ruò qí jiā, shéi luàn? Shì rénguó ruò qí guó, shéi gōng? Gù dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě wáng yǒu. [Pinyin]
- Suppose everybody in the world loves universally, loving others as one's self: [...] Will there be mutual disturbance among the houses of the ministers and invasion among the states of the feudal lords? When every one regards the houses of others as one's own, who will be disturbing? When every one regards the states of others as one's own, who will invade? Therefore there will be neither disturbances among the houses of the ministers nor invasion among the states of the feudal lords.
若使天下兼相爱，爱人若爱其身：……犹有大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者乎？视人家若其家，谁乱？视人国若其国，谁攻？故大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 王曰『何以利吾國』？大夫曰『何以利吾家』？士庶人曰『何以利吾身』？上下交征利而國危矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Wáng yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúguó’? Dàfū yuē ‘héyǐ lì wújiā’? Shì shùrén yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúshēn’? Shàngxià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If Your Majesty says, ‘Whereby may I profit my state?’ your grandees shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit my household?’ and your gentlemen and common people shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit myself?’ When those higher and lower compete with one another for profit, the state will be in danger.
王曰‘何以利吾国’？大夫曰‘何以利吾家’？士庶人曰‘何以利吾身’？上下交征利而国危矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
- Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
- (in a game) party; side
- Suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person.
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
- (family):
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 家
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Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
家
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
家
Etymology 2Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 家 – see 傢 (“stubborn, obstinate, intransigent”). (This character, 家, is the simplified form of 傢.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 3Edit
| simp. and trad. |
家 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 價／价 | |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
家
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Etymology 4Edit
Cognate with 姑 (gū).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
家
- Only used in 大家 (dàgū).
ReferencesEdit
- 家 in ZDIC
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
家
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō); く (ku)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō); こ (ko)
- Kun: いえ (ie, 家, Jōyō)←いへ (ife, 家, historical); や (ya, 家, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 家)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 家 |
| いえ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨ipe1⟩ → */ipʲe/ → /iɸe/ → /iwe/ → /ie/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly related to 廬 (iho → io, “temporary hut”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a house
- one's own home
- a home, household
- Yamazaki, Kore, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in [魔法使いの嫁](The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
- Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
- This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
- a family
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| や Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a house
SuffixEdit
- house of something, place where some business is conducted
- person who does that thing
See alsoEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 家 |
| うち Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with 内 (uchi, “middle”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a house
- one's house
DescendantsEdit
- → English: hooch
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 家 |
| Grade: 2 |
| irregular |
Contraction of uchi above.
Often following the genitive case marker の (no) which contracts to -n.
NounEdit
- a house
- 俺ん家に来ない？ ― Orenchi ni konai? ― Wanna come to my place?
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| か Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 家 (MC kˠa).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a latter borrowing from Middle Chinese.
SuffixEdit
- an expert, professional, performer
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 6Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| け Grade: 2 |
| goon |
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”), so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
SuffixEdit
- representing relationship to a family
- 平家 ― Taira-ke ― the Taira family
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
HanjaEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
家
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 家内 (chinē, “household”)
- 家鴨 (ahiru), 家鴨 (ahirā), 家鴨 (afirā, “domestic duck”)
NounEdit
家 (yā)
Derived termsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
家: Hán Việt readings: gia[1]
家: Nôm readings: nhà[2]
- chữ Hán form of gia (“home, family”).
- chữ Hán form of gia (“expert, professional, -ist, -er”).
- Nôm form of nhà (“house, home, domestic”).
- Nôm form of nhà (“dynasty”).