-ивш

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ivъšь, past active participle ending of i-conj. verbs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ifʃ]

• Audio

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Suffix

-ивш • (-ivš)

1. (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from i-conj. verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:

   пече́ля (pečélja, “to earn; to win”) → печели́вш (pečelívš, “winning”)

   честя́ (čestjá, “to get frequent”) → чести́вш (čestívš)/части́вш (častívš, “frequently occurring”) (dialectal)

   градя́ (gradjá, “to build, construct”) → гради́вш (gradívš, “structural”) (dated)

   плодя́ (plodjá, “to begot, to spawn”) → плоди́вш (plodívš, “fertile”) (dated)

Usage notes

In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives. The past active participle construction has been lost.

Alternative forms

• -ив (-iv) — without emphatic -ш
• -их (-ih) — dialectal, from an earlier -ꙑхъ (-yxŭ)

Derived terms

• -авост (-avost)
• -ивен (-iven)

Related terms

• -вш (-vš), -ш (-š)
• -авш (-avš), -ав (-av)
• -евш (-evš), -ев (-ev)
• -явш (-javš), -яв (-jav)

References

• St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150