-чия
Bulgarian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Continues Old Church Slavonic -чии (-čii), of Oghur origin from Proto-Turkic *-či interpreted as *-i stem suffix. Akin to Etymology 2 and Bulgarian -джия (-džija), which were borrowed at a later time from Ottoman Turkish.
Morphologically, the suffix is declined as feminine, however, semantically, the derived terms are interpreted as masculine.
Suffix edit
-чия • (-čija) m
- Forms nouns depicting a representative of profession: -er, -ist
- кърма (kǎrma, “stern”), кормило (kormilo, “steering wheel”) → кръмчия (krǎmčija), кормчия (kormčija, “helmsman, steersman”)
- кораб (korab, “ship)”) → корабчия (korabčija, “sailor”)
- сан (san, “rank, administrative position”) → самчия (samčija, “administrator”) (historical)
- книга (kniga, “book”) → книгчия (knigčija, “bookkeeper”)
Inflection edit
Further reading edit
- Duridinov, Iv. (1991): "Наставки на -ии, -ия, -иѥ" in Граматика на Старобългарския език, published by Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, p. 186
Etymology 2 edit
Grammaticalization of the Turkish adjectival marker Turkish -çi/-çü (when appended to stems with front root vowel), -çı/-çu (when appended to stems with back root vowel). Encountered with Ottoman Turkish loanwords.
Morphologically, the suffix is declined as feminine, however, semantically, the derived terms are interpreted as masculine.
Suffix edit
-чия • (-čija) m
- Forms nouns depicting a representative of profession: -er, -ist
- Forms nouns depicting a maker of some product or an applier of some skill: -er, -ist
- Forms nouns depicting an owner of property:
- чифлик (čiflik, “administrative unit, village”) → чифликчия (čiflikčija, “owner of chiflik”)
- интерес (interes, “interest”) → интересчия (interesčija, “interest-seeker”)
Usage notes edit
Applied to stems ending in a voiceless consonants.
Inflection edit
Alternative forms edit
- -чийка f (-čijka)
- -чийче n (-čijče) — diminutive
- -джия m (-džija), -джийка f (-džijka) — after vowels or voiced consonants