-li
Alemannic German edit
Suffix edit
-li
- forms diminutives of nouns
Derived terms edit
Chickasaw edit
Suffix edit
-li (class I first-person singular subject marker)
- I (subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)
Suffix edit
-li (transitive-forming verb suffix)
- forms or indicates an active transitive verb
Choctaw edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-li (verb-forming suffix)
- forms or indicates an active transitive verb
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-li (class I first-person singular)
Inflection edit
class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate to Classical Nahuatl -lin
Suffix edit
-li
- a suffix that makes nouns.
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Alternative spelling of -lli.
Fala edit
Pronoun edit
-li
- Clitic form of le (“to him, to her, to them”)
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References edit
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Forms diminutive nouns.
Usage notes edit
Preceding -a-, -ä-, -i- usually changes to -e- (compare -ella).
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
-la + -i (i-lative singular)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Forms some terminative adverbs.
Derived terms edit
Greenlandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-li (v-v?, additive?)
- (intransitive, with stative verbs) [verb] more
- (transitive, with stative verbs) cause to [verb] more
Usage notes edit
Fusions with three verbs in the following manner:
- angivoq (“be large”) → allivoq (“become larger”), allivaa (“make larger, enlarge”)
- mikivoq (“be small”) → millivoq (“become smaller, shrink”), millivaa (“make smaller”)
- takivoq (“be long”) → tallivoq (“become longer”), tallivaa (“make longer”)
Derived terms edit
Enclitic edit
-li
Further reading edit
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 118-119, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
Igbo edit
Alternative forms edit
- -ri (Owerri, Umuahia)
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -iː
Suffix edit
-li
- Used to form simple past tenses of verbs.
- melili (as in Roger Federer melili Yoshihito Nishioka na US Open.)
Italian edit
Pronoun edit
-li
- (enclitic) Alternative form of li
Usage notes edit
- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to accusative dative forms when the object is third plural masculine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurli (“to introduce them”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -li.
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Suffix edit
-lī
Lower Sorbian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *-li; cognate with Upper Sorbian -li, Polish -li, Czech -li.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
-li
- used after a verb form to introduce a polar question
- Spiš-li? ― Are you sleeping?
- Sy-li Bóžy syn? ― Are you the Son of God?
- Wiźiš-li to? ― Do you see that?
Conjunction edit
-li
Further reading edit
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “-li”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-li
- to me
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Pennsylvania German edit
Suffix edit
-li
- (diminutive) -ling, -let
Derived terms edit
Pitjantjatjara edit
Pronoun edit
-li (first person dual nominative, bound form of ngali)
- we two
Usage notes edit
Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.
Related terms edit
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
First person | ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa |
ngali (we two) Bound form: -li |
nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la |
Second person | nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n |
nyupali (you two) | nyura (you, more than two) |
Third person | paluṟu (he/she/it) | pula (they two) | tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya |
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
-li
- (dated) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- Synonym: czy
- (dated) emphatic particle
Further reading edit
- -li in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلی (-li), from earlier ـلو (-li), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lı | -li | -lu | -lü |
-li
- with, containing; forms adjectives from nouns. This usage is treated as a "case suffix" and is separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe.
- of, from; of a nation or place. This usage is treated as a "word-forming suffix" and is not separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe. The demonym formed this way functions equally as an adjective and as a noun. It is commonly encountered in surnames derived from the names of towns and cities.
- İstanbul (“Istanbul”) + -li → İstanbullu (“[a person] from Istanbul”)
- Tokat (“a city in northern Anatolia”) + -li → Tokatlı (“[a person] from Tokat”)
- Added to sports organizations to form names for their fans.
- Ardahanspor (“a soccer team”) + -li → Ardahansporlu (“a person who supports this team”)
Usage notes edit
- Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:
- Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:
- çikolata /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta/ becomes çikolatalı /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta.ɫɯ/; Bursa /ˈbuɾ.sa/ becomes Bursalı /ˈbuɾ.sa.ɫɯ/
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Uzbek edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Chagatai ـلیغ (-lığ), ـلیک (-lig), ـلوغ (-luğ), ـلوک (-lüg), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.
Suffix edit
-li
- used to form descriptive adjectives from nouns
Derived terms edit
Wutunhua edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-li
- Marks the locative case:
Etymology 2 edit
Janhunen et al. speculates that this is from Mandarin 來/来 (“to come”).
Suffix edit
-li
- An evidential suffix, marking that the subject has personally experienced the event/situation but that they were not personally responsible for instigating the event/situation, or did not have full control over the experience.
References edit
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN