Wiktionary

-li

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Alemannic GermanEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. forms diminutives of nouns and adjectives

Derived termsEdit

Alemannic German terms suffixed with -li

ChickasawEdit

SuffixEdit

-li (class I first-person singular subject marker)

  1. I (subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)

SuffixEdit

-li (transitive-forming verb suffix)

  1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

ChoctawEdit

Etymology 1Edit

SuffixEdit

-li (verb-forming suffix)

  1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-li (class I first-person singular)

  1. the subject of an active transitive verb
    I
  2. the subject of an active intransitive verb
    I
InflectionEdit
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i- im- ik-

Eastern Huasteca NahuatlEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Cognate to Classical Nahuatl -lin

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. a suffix that makes nouns.

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Alternative spelling of -lli.

FalaEdit

PronounEdit

-li

  1. Clitic form of le (“to him, to her, to them”)

See alsoEdit

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM		 nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM		 vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

ReferencesEdit

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu [Fala Dictionary]‎[1], CIDLeS, →ISBN, page 187

FinnishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

-la +‎ -i (nominal suffix)

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Forms diminutive nouns.
Usage notesEdit

Preceding a, ä, i usually changes to e (compare -ella).

Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Finnish terms suffixed with -li (nominal)

Etymology 2Edit

-la +‎ -i (i-lative singular)

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /-li(ˣ)/, [-li(ʔ)]

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Forms some terminative adverbs.
Derived termsEdit
Finnish terms suffixed with -li (adverbial)

GreenlandicEdit

SuffixEdit

-li (v-v?, additive?)

  1. (intransitive, with stative verbs) [verb] more
  2. (transitive, with stative verbs) cause to [verb] more

Usage notesEdit

Fusions with three verbs in the following manner:

angivoq (“be large”) → allivoq (“become larger”), allivaa (“make larger, enlarge”)
mikivoq (“be small”) → millivoq (“become smaller, shrink”), millivaa (“make smaller”)
takivoq (“be long”) → tallivoq (“become longer”), tallivaa (“make longer”)

Derived termsEdit

Greenlandic terms suffixed with -li

EncliticEdit

-li

  1. but

Further readingEdit

IgboEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • -ri (Owerri, Umuahia)

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Used to form simple past tenses of verbs.
    melili (as in Roger Federer melili Yoshihito Nishioka na US Open.)

ItalianEdit

PronounEdit

-li

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of li
    dare (“to give”) → darli (“to give them”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → venderli (“to sell them”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirli (“to serve them”)

Usage notesEdit

  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to accusative dative forms when the object is third plural masculine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are → -arli
-ere → -erli
-ire → -irli

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurli (“to introduce them”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -li.

AnagramsEdit

LatinEdit

SuffixEdit

-lī

  1. inflection of -lus:
    1. nominative/vocative masculine plural
    2. genitive masculine/neuter singular

Lower SorbianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *-li; cognate with Upper Sorbian -li, Polish -li, Czech -li.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

-li

  1. used after a verb form to introduce a polar question
    Spiš-li? ― Are you sleeping?
    Sy-li Bóžy syn? ― Are you the Son of God?
    Wiźiš-li to? ― Do you see that?

ConjunctionEdit

-li

  1. if
    Synonyms: joli, gaž, gaby
    Coš-li, ga móžoš. ― If you want, then you may.
    Jo-li tam, ga jo derje. ― If he’s there, then it’s all right.
    Zmejoš-li pjeńeze, dosć změjoš pśijaśelow. ― If you have money, you’ll have plenty of friends.
    Maš-li to na mysli, ga cyń. ― If you’re thinking of it, do it.

Further readingEdit

  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “-li”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

lil +‎ -i

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. to me

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. (diminutive) -ling, -let

Derived termsEdit

PitjantjatjaraEdit

PronounEdit

-li (first person dual nominative, bound form of ngali)

  1. we two

Usage notesEdit

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

Related termsEdit

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)
Singular Dual Plural
First person ngayulu (I)
Bound form: -ṉa 		ngali (we two)
Bound form: -li 		nganaṉa (we, more than two)
Bound form: -la
Second person nyuntu (you)
Bound form: -n 		nyupali (you two) nyura (you, more than two)
Third person paluṟu (he/she/it) pula (they two) tjana (they, more than two)
Bound form: -ya

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /li/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: li

ParticleEdit

-li

  1. (dated) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
    Synonym: czy
  2. (dated) emphatic particle
    Synonyms: -że, -no, -ci, -to

Further readingEdit

  • -li in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -li in Polish dictionaries at PWN

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلی‎ (-li), from earlier ـلو‎ (-li), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
-lı -li -lu -lü

-li

  1. with, containing; forms adjectives from nouns. This usage is treated as a "case suffix" and is separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe.
    ‎kafein (“caffeine”) + ‎-li → ‎kafeinli (“caffeinated, containing caffeine”)
    Antonym: -siz
  2. of, from; of a nation or place. This usage is treated as a "word-forming suffix" and is not separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe. The demonym formed this way functions equally as an adjective and as a noun. It is commonly encountered in surnames derived from the names of towns and cities.
    ‎İstanbul (“Istanbul”) + ‎-li → ‎İstanbullu (“[a person] from Istanbul”)
    ‎Tokat (“a city in northern Anatolia”) + ‎-li → ‎Tokatlı (“[a person] from Tokat”)
  3. Added to sports organizations to form names for their fans.
    ‎Ardahanspor (“a soccer team”) + ‎-li → ‎Ardahansporlu (“a person who supports this team”)

Usage notesEdit

  • Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:
    üzüm /yˈzym/ becomes üzümlü /y.zymˈly/; Kars /ˈkaɾs/ becomes Karslı /kaɾsˈɫɯ/
  • Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:
    çikolata /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta/ becomes çikolatalı /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta.ɫɯ/; Bursa /ˈbuɾ.sa/ becomes Bursalı /ˈbuɾ.sa.ɫɯ/

Derived termsEdit

Turkish terms suffixed with -li

UzbekEdit

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. used to form descriptive adjectives from nouns

Derived termsEdit

Uzbek terms suffixed with -li

WutunhuaEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Mandarin 裡／里 (“inside”).

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. Marks the locative case:
    1. in, at (location of an action)
      ggaiggan lhokang-li huaiqa kan-di-li.
      The teacher is reading a book in the classroom.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)
    2. to (direction of an action; optional for place names)
      ngu rongbo-li qhi-zhe.
      I am going to Longwu.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)

Etymology 2Edit

Janhunen et al. speculates that this is from Mandarin 來／来 (“to come”).

SuffixEdit

-li

  1. An evidential suffix, marking that the subject has personally experienced the event/situation but that they were not personally responsible for instigating the event/situation, or did not have full control over the experience.

ReferencesEdit

  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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