Latin

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō), possibly via a variant -ίσσω that existed in the dialect of Tarentum in Southern Italy (as in σαλπίσσω, λακτίσσω).[1]

Suffix

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-issō (present infinitive -issāre, perfect active -issāvī, supine -issātum); first conjugation

  1. Used to form similative verbs from nouns and adjectives.

Usage notes

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  • This form of the suffix occurs mainly in the comedies of Plautus, written at a time before the use of the letter Z in Latin words loaned from Greek was firmly established. In later time periods, the usual spelling became -izō (a variant -idiō also developed).[2]

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of -issō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -issō -issās -issat -issāmus -issātis -issant
imperfect -issābam -issābās -issābat -issābāmus -issābātis -issābant
future -issābō -issābis -issābit -issābimus -issābitis -issābunt
perfect -issāvī -issāvistī -issāvit -issāvimus -issāvistis -issāvērunt,
-issāvēre
pluperfect -issāveram -issāverās -issāverat -issāverāmus -issāverātis -issāverant
future perfect -issāverō -issāveris -issāverit -issāverimus -issāveritis -issāverint
sigmatic future1 -issāssō -issāssis -issāssit -issāssimus -issāssitis -issāssint
passive present -issor -issāris,
-issāre
-issātur -issāmur -issāminī -issantur
imperfect -issābar -issābāris,
-issābāre
-issābātur -issābāmur -issābāminī -issābantur
future -issābor -issāberis,
-issābere
-issābitur -issābimur -issābiminī -issābuntur
perfect -issātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect -issātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect -issātus + future active indicative of sum
sigmatic future1 -issāssor -issāsseris -issāssitur
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -issem -issēs -isset -issēmus -issētis -issent
imperfect -issārem -issārēs -issāret -issārēmus -issārētis -issārent
perfect -issāverim -issāverīs -issāverit -issāverīmus -issāverītis -issāverint
pluperfect -issāvissem -issāvissēs -issāvisset -issāvissēmus -issāvissētis -issāvissent
sigmatic aorist1 -issāssim -issāssīs -issāssīt -issāssīmus -issāssītis -issāssint
passive present -isser -issēris,
-issēre
-issētur -issēmur -issēminī -issentur
imperfect -issārer -issārēris,
-issārēre
-issārētur -issārēmur -issārēminī -issārentur
perfect -issātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect -issātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -issā -issāte
future -issātō -issātō -issātōte -issantō
passive present -issāre -issāminī
future -issātor -issātor -issantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives -issāre -issāvisse -issātūrum esse -issārī,
-issārier2
-issātum esse -issātum īrī
participles -issāns -issātūrus -issātus -issandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
-issandī -issandō -issandum -issandō -issātum -issātū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

References

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  1. ^ Hartmut Haberland (2019) “On the limits of etymology”, in Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics[1], volume 51, number 1, page 9
  2. ^ Olivia Claire Cockburn (2010) “The use of the Latin-izare (-issare ,-idiare ) suffix in early Christian literature”, in Revista de Estudios Latinos, volume 10, pages 108-109