Wiktionary

esse

See also: Esse, êsse, essē, ésse, -esse, -êsse, and èsse

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin esse.

NounEdit

esse (plural esses)

  1. Essence, essential nature.
    • 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:
      Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
    • 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:
      […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;
    • 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:
      In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
    • 1961, Gerard Smith; Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:
      Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.
    • 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:
      Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.

ReferencesEdit

AfrikaansEdit

NounEdit

esse

  1. plural of es

CatalanEdit

NounEdit

esse f (plural esses)

  1. (Valencia) Alternative form of essa

Further readingEdit

CorsicanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin esse, from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognates include Italian essere and French être.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
  • Hyphenation: es‧se

VerbEdit

esse (Cismontane)

  1. (copulative) to be
  2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
  3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
  4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
  5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

ConjugationEdit

      Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive esse
present participle issendu
past participle statu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sò sì hè, ghjè simu site sò
imperfect era eri era eramu erate eranu
simple past fubbi, fui fusti fubbe, fù fubbimu, fuimu fuste fubbenu
future seraghju serai, serè serà seremu serete seranu
subjunctive eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sia sia sia siamu siate sianu
imperfect fussi fussi fussi fussimu fussite fussinu
conditional eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present seria, serebbi serii, seresti, seristi seria, serebbe seriamu, serebbimu seriate, sereste, seriste serianu, serebbenu
imperative – tù – noi voi –
— sia — siamu siate —

DescendantsEdit

  • Gallurese: esse, essi

ReferencesEdit

  • “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

esse m (plural esses)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.

Further readingEdit

GallureseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Corsican esse, from Latin esse, present infinitive of sum (“I am”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. (auxiliary) to be

ConjugationEdit

    Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive simple esse
compound esse + past participle
gerund simple essendi, sendi
compound essendi + past participle
past participle statu
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
(simple tenses) present socu sei è semu seti so
imperfect era, eru eri era érami érati erani
preterite fusi fusti fusi fùsimi fùsiti fùsini
future saragghju sarai, saré sarà saremu sareti sarani
(compound tenses) present perfect present indicative of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
preterite perfect preterite indicative of esse + past participle
future perfect future of esse + past participle
conditional eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
present saria saristi saria sarìami sarìati sarìani
perfect present conditional of esse + past participle
subjunctive chi eu chi tu chi iddu/idda chi noi chi voi chi iddi
(simple tenses) present sia sii sia sìami sìati sìani
imperfect fùssia fussi fùssia fùssimi fùssiti fùssini
(compound tenses) past present subjunctive of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
imperative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
— sii sia sìami sìati sìani

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. inflection of essen:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

HunsrikEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. to eat
    Ich esse keen Fleisch.
    I don't eat meat.
    Heit esse-mer Fisch.
    Today we eat fish.

InflectionEdit

Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle gess
auxiliary hon
present tense
1st person singular esse
2nd person singular esst
3rd person singular essd
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural essd
3rd person plural esse
imperative
2nd person singular ess
2nd person plural essd

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

IngrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From estää (“to prevent”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

esse (genitive esteen, partitive essettä)

  1. obstacle

DeclensionEdit

Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
singular plural
nominative esse esteet
genitive esteen estein
partitive essettä esteitä
illative esteesse esteisse
inessive estees esteis
elative esteest esteist
allative esteelle esteille
adessive esteel esteil
ablative esteelt esteilt
translative esteeks esteiks
essive esteennä, esteen esteinnä, estein
exessive1) esteent esteint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Chernyavskij's declension of esse
singular plural
nominative esse estiit
genitive estiin estiilöin
partitive essetä estiilöjä
illative estiisse estiilöihe
inessive estiiz estiilöiz
elative estiist estiilöist
allative estiille estiilöille
adessive estiil estiilöil
ablative estiilt estiilöilt
translative estiiks estiilöiks
essive estiin estiilöin
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

ReferencesEdit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36
  • Vitalij Chernyavskij (2005) Ižoran keel (Ittseopastaja)‎[1], page 97

ItalianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

esse f or m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.; ess
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈes.se/
  • Rhymes: -esse
  • Hyphenation: és‧se

PronounEdit

esse f pl

  1. plural of essa; they, them (female)
    Synonym: loro

See alsoEdit

Italian personal pronouns (alternate)
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singular third m esso1, egli, elli3 si, s' lo, l' gli vi, v' ne, n' esso, sé
f essa, ella, Ella2 la, l' le, ella3 essa, sé
Plural third m essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3 si, s' li loro vi, v' ne, n' essi, sé
f esse, elle3, elleno3 le esse, elle,3 sé
1 Refers predominantly to non-humans.
2 Highly elevated variant of Lei.
3 Archaic.

AnagramsEdit

LatinEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Form of the verb sum (“[I] am; [I] exist”); from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. present infinitive of sum

NounEdit

esse m (indeclinable)

  1. (Medieval Latin) state, condition

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ēsse

  1. present active infinitive of edō

ReferencesEdit

  • “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • esse in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

NeapolitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Dialectal form of essere, from Latin esse.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. to be (dialectal)

Old IrishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

esse

  1. third-person singular feminine of as

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. to eat

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle hot gesse
future tense waerd esse
subjunctive daet esse
present tense
1st person singular ess
2nd person singular esscht
3rd person singular esst
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural esst
3rd person plural esse
imperative du ess, dihr esst

PiedmonteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sum.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. to be

ConjugationEdit

infinitive esse
present gerundive essend
past participle stàit
Present indicative Past indicative Future indicative Present subjunctive Past subjunctive Present Conditional
First-person singular i son i j'era i sarai i sia i fussa i sarìa
Second-person singular it ses it j'ere it saras it sie it fusse it sarìe
Third-person singular a l'é a l'era a sarà a sia a fussa a sarìa
First-person plural i soma i j'ero i saroma i sio i fusso i sarìo
Second-person plural i seve i j'ere i sareve i sie i fusse i sarìe
Third-person plural a son a j'ero i saran a sio a fusso a sarìo

PortugueseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

esse m (feminine essa, plural esses, feminine plural essas)

  2. that (near you)
    Esse chapéu está limpo?
    Is that hat clean?
  4. (Brazil) this (near me)
    Esse livro é muito bom.
    This book is very good.

PronounEdit

esse m (feminine essa, neuter isso, plural esses, feminine plural essas)

(definite demonstrative pronoun)

  2. that, that one (near you)
  4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
    Esse é o segredo para vencer.
    This is the secret to winning.
QuotationsEdit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

SynonymsEdit

See alsoEdit

Portuguese demonstratives (edit)
Pronouns Adverbs
Singular Plural Neuter
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Proximal X este esta estes estas isto aqui, cá
de + X deste desta destes destas disto daqui
em + X neste nesta nestes nestas nisto —
Medial X esse essa esses essas isso aí
de + X desse dessa desses dessas disso daí
em + X nesse nessa nesses nessas nisso —
Distal X aquele aquela aqueles aquelas aquilo ali, lá
de + X daquele daquela daqueles daquelas daquilo dali
em + X naquele naquela naqueles naquelas naquilo —
a + X àquele àquela àqueles àquelas àquilo
Anaphoric X o a os as — —
de + X do da dos das
em + X no na nos nas
a + X ao à aos às

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

esse m (plural esses)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.
  2. something shaped like the letter S
QuotationsEdit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

TatarEdit

AdjectiveEdit

esse

  1. hot

WalloonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French estre, from Latin sum.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

esse

  1. to be

ConjugationEdit

    —             —   Conjugation of the verb esse in Walloon   —   Codjowaedje do viebe esse e walon
infinitive esse (or iesse)
gerund estant
auxiliary aveur
past participle masculine feminine
singular sti —
plural — —
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative dji (dj') tu (t') i (il) / ele dji (dj') / nos vos i (il)
present so es est estans estoz sont
imperfect (in est-) esteu esteus esteut estins estîz estint
imperfect (in êr-) ere1 eres1 ere1 erins1 erîz1 erint1
preterit fou fous fout fourîs fourîz fourît
future serè serès serè serans seroz seront
conditional sereu sereus sereut serins serîz serint
subjunctive ki dj' ki t' k' i (il) / k' ele ki dj' / ki nos ki vos k' i (il)
present seuye seuyes seuye seuyanxhe seuyoxhe seuynuxhe or seuyèxhe
present fouxhe fouxhes fouxhe fouxhinxhe fouxhîxhe fouxhinxhe
imperative — tu — dji / nos vos —
affirmative seuye seuyans seuyoz 1 Haute-Lesse and Chestrolais
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