Wiktionary

esse

See also: Appendix:Variations of "esse"

English

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin esse.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛsi/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

edit

esse (plural esses)

  1. Essence, essential nature.
    • 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:
      Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
    • 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:
      […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;
    • 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:
      In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
    • 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:
      Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.
    • 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:
      Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.
edit

References

edit

Afrikaans

edit

Noun

edit

esse

  1. plural of es

Catalan

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

esse f (plural esses) (Valencia)

  1. Alternative form of essa

Further reading

edit

Central Franconian

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • äße (most dialects)
  • eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)

  1. (Kölsch, nothernmost Ripuarian) to eat

Usage notes

edit

Corsican

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Inherited from Latin esse. Compare Italian essere, French être.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
  • Hyphenation: es‧se

Verb

edit

esse (Cismontane)

  1. (copulative) to be
  2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
  3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
  4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
  5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

Conjugation

edit
      Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive esse
present participle issendu
past participle statu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sò sì hè, ghjè simu site sò
imperfect era eri era eramu erate eranu
simple past fubbi, fui fusti fubbe, fù fubbimu, fuimu fuste fubbenu
future seraghju serai, serè serà seremu serete seranu
conditional seria, serebbi serii, seresti, seristi seria, serebbe seriamu, serebbimu seriate, sereste, seriste serianu, serebbenu
subjunctive eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sia sia sia siamu siate sianu
imperfect fussi fussi fussi fussimu fussite fussinu
imperative – tù – noi voi –
— sia — siamu siate —

Descendants

edit
  • Gallurese: esse, essi

References

edit
  • “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

French

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

esse m (plural esses)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Further reading

edit

Gallurese

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. (auxiliary) to be

Conjugation

edit
    Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive simple esse
compound esse + past participle
gerund simple essendi, sendi
compound essendi + past participle
past participle statu
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
(simple tenses) present socu sei è semu seti so
imperfect era, eru eri era érami érati erani
preterite fusi fusti fusi fùsimi fùsiti fùsini
future saragghju sarai, saré sarà saremu sareti sarani
(compound tenses) present perfect present indicative of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
preterite perfect preterite indicative of esse + past participle
future perfect future of esse + past participle
conditional eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
present saria saristi saria sarìami sarìati sarìani
perfect present conditional of esse + past participle
subjunctive chi eu chi tu chi iddu/idda chi noi chi voi chi iddi
(simple tenses) present sia sii sia sìami sìati sìani
imperfect fùssia fussi fùssia fùssimi fùssiti fùssini
(compound tenses) past present subjunctive of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
imperative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
— sii sia sìami sìati sìani

German

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. inflection of essen:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

Hunsrik

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. to eat
    Ich esse keen Fleisch.
    I don't eat meat.
    Heit esse-mer Fisch.
    Today we eat fish.

Inflection

edit
Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle gess
auxiliary hon
present tense
1st person singular esse
2nd person singular esst
3rd person singular essd
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural essd
3rd person plural esse
imperative
2nd person singular ess
2nd person plural essd

Derived terms

edit

Further reading

edit

Ingrian

edit

Etymology

edit

From estää (“to prevent”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

esse

  1. obstacle

Declension

edit
Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
singular plural
nominative esse esteet
genitive esteen estein
partitive essettä esteitä
illative esteesse esteisse
inessive estees esteis
elative esteest esteist
allative esteelle esteille
adessive esteel esteil
ablative esteelt esteilt
translative esteeks esteiks
essive esteennä, esteen esteinnä, estein
exessive1) esteent esteint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

edit
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36

Italian

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

esse f or m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.; ess
Derived terms
edit
See also
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈes.se/
  • Rhymes: -esse
  • Hyphenation: és‧se

Pronoun

edit

esse f pl

  1. plural of essa; they, them (female)
    Synonym: loro

See also

edit
Italian personal pronouns (alternate)
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singular third m esso1, egli, elli3 si, s' lo, l' gli vi, v' ne, n' esso, sé
f essa, ella, Ella2 la, l' le, ella3 essa, sé
Plural third m essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3 si, s' li loro vi, v' ne, n' essi, sé
f esse, elle3, elleno3 le esse, elle3, sé
1 Refers predominantly to non-humans.
2 Highly elevated variant of Lei.
3 Archaic.

Anagrams

edit

Latin

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. present active infinitive of sum

Noun

edit

esse m (indeclinable) (Medieval Latin)

  1. state, condition

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

ēsse

  1. present active infinitive of edō

References

edit
  • “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "esse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Old Irish

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronoun

edit

esse

  1. third-person singular feminine of as

Pennsylvania German

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan. Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. to eat

Conjugation

edit
Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle hot gesse
future tense waerd esse
subjunctive daet esse
present tense
1st person singular ess
2nd person singular esscht
3rd person singular esst
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural esst
3rd person plural esse
imperative du ess, dihr esst

Piedmontese

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

esse

  1. to be

Conjugation

edit
infinitive esse
present gerundive essend
past participle stàit
Present indicative Past indicative Future indicative Present subjunctive Past subjunctive Past

Historic

Present Conditional
First-person singular i son i j'era i sarai i sia i fussa I fure i sarìa
Second-person singular it ses it j'ere it saras it sie it fusse it fùrës it sarìe
Third-person singular a l'é a l'era a sarà a sia a fussa fur a sarìa
First-person plural i soma i j'ero i saroma i sio i fusso furo i sarìo
Second-person plural i seve i j'ere i sareve i sie i fusse i fùrës i sarìe
Third-person plural a son a j'ero i saran a sio a fusso a furo a sarìo

Portuguese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

    From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

    Alternative forms

    edit
    • êsse (pre-reform spelling)

    Pronunciation

    edit
     

    Determiner

    edit

    esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)

    2. that (near you)
      Esse chapéu está limpo?
      Is that hat clean?
    4. (Brazil, colloquial) this (near me)
      Synonym: este
      Esse livro é muito bom.
      This book is very good.

    Pronoun

    edit

    esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas, neuter isso) (definite demonstrative pronoun)

    2. that, that one (near you)
    4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
      Esse é o segredo para vencer.
      This is the secret to winning.
    Quotations
    edit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

    Derived terms
    edit

    See also

    edit
    Portuguese demonstratives
    pronouns adverbs
    singular plural neuter
    masculine feminine masculine feminine
    proximal X este esta estes estas isto aqui, cá
    de + X deste desta destes destas disto daqui
    em + X neste nesta nestes nestas nisto —
    medial X esse essa esses essas isso aí
    de + X desse dessa desses dessas disso daí
    em + X nesse nessa nesses nessas nisso —
    distal X aquele aquela aqueles aquelas aquilo ali, lá, acolá
    de + X daquele daquela daqueles daquelas daquilo dali, dacolá
    em + X naquele naquela naqueles naquelas naquilo —
    a + X àquele àquela àqueles àquelas àquilo
    anaphoric X o a os as — —
    de + X do da dos das
    em + X no na nos nas
    a + X ao à aos às

    Etymology 2

    edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
       

      • Hyphenation: es‧se

      Noun

      edit

      esse m (plural esses)

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
      2. something shaped like the letter S
      Quotations
      edit

      For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

      Swedish

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      esse n

      1. Only used in vara i sitt esse

      References

      edit

      Tatar

      edit

      Adjective

      edit

      esse

      1. hot

      Walloon

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      Inherited from Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. Some conjugations reflect Latin stāre (“stand”).

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Verb

      edit

      esse

      1. to be
        Synonym: sey

      Conjugation

      edit
          —             —   Conjugation of the verb esse in Walloon   —   Codjowaedje do viebe esse e walon
      infinitive esse (or iesse) / sey
      gerund estant
      auxiliary aveur
      past participle masculine feminine
      singular sti —
      plural — —
      singular plural
      1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
      indicative dji (dj') ti (t') i (il) / ele dji (dj') / nos vos i (il)
      present so es est estans estoz sont
      imperfect ere / î / esteu eres / îs / esteus ere / ît / esteut esténs estîz estént
      preterit esta / fouri estas/ fouris esta / fourit estîs / fourîns estîz / fourîz estît / fourît
      future serè serès serè serans seroz seront
      conditional sereu sereus sereut seréns serîz serént
      subjunctive ki dj' ki t' k' i (il) / k' ele ki dj' / ki nos ki vos k' i (il)
      present soeye / fouxhe soeyes / fouxhes soeye / fouxhe soeyanxhe / fouxhanxhe soeyoxhe / fouxhoxhe soeyèxhe / fouxhnuxhe
      imperfect estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhes / fouxhes / fourixhes estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe estaxhîxhe / fouxhîxhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe
      imperative — ti — dji / nos vos —
      affirmative soey / fouxhe soeyans / fouxhans soeyoz / fouxhoz

      Noun

      edit

      esse m (plural esses)

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
      2. Something shaped like the letter S.
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=esse&oldid=84232700"