Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gurdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *gʰr̥dʰye/o-, from the root of *gerdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-.

Verb edit

*gurdijaną^[1]^[2]

to gird

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *gurdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gurdijō	*gurdijaų	—	*gurdijai	?
2nd singular	*gurdīsi	*gurdijais	*gurdī	*gurdijasai	*gurdijaisau
3rd singular	*gurdīþi	*gurdijai	*gurdijaþau	*gurdijaþai	*gurdijaiþau
1st dual	*gurdijōs	*gurdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gurdijaþiz	*gurdijaiþiz	*gurdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gurdijamaz	*gurdijaim	—	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau
2nd plural	*gurdīþ	*gurdijaiþ	*gurdīþ	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau
3rd plural	*gurdijanþi	*gurdijain	*gurdijanþau	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gurdidǭ	*gurdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gurdidēz	*gurdidēdīz
3rd singular	*gurdidē	*gurdidēdī
1st dual	*gurdidēdū	*gurdidēdīw
2nd dual	*gurdidēdudiz	*gurdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gurdidēdum	*gurdidēdīm
2nd plural	*gurdidēdud	*gurdidēdīd
3rd plural	*gurdidēdun	*gurdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gurdijandz	*gurdidaz

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *gurdijan
- Old English: gyrdan, girdan
  - Middle English: gurden, gyrden, girden
    - English: gird
    - Scots: gyrd, gird
- Old Frisian: *gerda, *gurdia
  - West Frisian: gurdzja
- Old Saxon: gurdian, gurdan
  - Middle Low German: gorden
    - Low German: gorren
- Old Dutch: gurden
  - Middle Dutch: gorden
    - Dutch: gorden
- Old High German: gurten
  - Middle High German: gurten, gürten
    - German: gürten
Old Norse: gyrða
- Faroese: gyrða
- Norwegian: gyrda, gjorda, gjurda (jula)
  - → Danish: jule
    - Norwegian Bokmål: jule
- Old Swedish: giurþa, giorþa
  - Swedish: gjorda (obsolete)
- Danish: gjorde

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gurdjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒurđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gurdjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒurđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[1]

[2]