Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose, encircle”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas (“enclosure”), Albanian gardh (“hedge, fence”), Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá, “house”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑr.ðɑz/

Noun

*gardaz m

1. enclosure
2. court, yard
3. garden

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *gardaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gardaz	*gardōz, *gardōs
vocative	*gard	*gardōz, *gardōs
accusative	*gardą	*gardanz
genitive	*gardas, *gardis	*gardǫ̂
dative	*gardai	*gardamaz
instrumental	*gardō	*gardamiz

Derived terms

• *ansugardaz (“the home of the gods”)
• *midjagardaz (“the Earth”)

Related terms

• *gardiz
• *gardô
• *gerdaną

 

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gard
  • Old English: ġeard
    • Middle English: yerd, yerde, ȝerd, ȝeerd, yeerd, ȝeard, yard, yarde, yorde, ȝarde, yherde, ȝorde, ȝeorde
      • English: yard
      • Scots: yerd, yaird, yird
  • Old Saxon: gard
    • Middle Low German: gart
  • Old Dutch: gard
    • Middle Dutch: gāert
      • Dutch: gaard (merged with *gardô)
  • Old High German: gart
    • Middle High German: gart
  • → Vulgar Latin: *gardus
    • Old French: jart, gart, wart
      • Middle French: gard, gart
    • ⇒ Medieval Latin: hortus gardīnus (“enclosed garden”) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: garðr
  • Icelandic: garður
  • Faroese: garður
  • Norn: gart
  • Norwegian: gard; (dialectal) gard’e
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: gard
  • Jamtish: gaoł
  • Old Swedish: garþer, ᚵᛆᚱᚦᚽᚱ
    • Swedish: gård, gål
  • Old Danish: garth
    • Danish: gård
      • Norwegian Bokmål: gård
  • → Middle English: garth
    • English: garth
    • Scots: garthe (obsolete)
  • → Middle Irish: garrda
    • Irish: garraí
    • Scottish Gaelic: gàrradh
  • → Welsh: gardd
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards)
• → Proto-Samic: *kārtē (see there for further descendants)