Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/panaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *panaq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /panaʔ/, /panaq/

Verb

*panaq

to shoot (to fire a shot (an arrow))

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Aru:
    - Kola: -fan
  - Kei–Tanimbar:
    - Kei: fan
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Kambera: pana
    - Manggarai: pana
    - Rembong: pana
  - Timoric:
    - Tetun Dili: hana
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Biga: fan
    - Ma'ya: ꞌfa¹²n
    - Waropen: ana
  - Proto-Oceanic: *panaq
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: vana
        Proto-Polynesian: *fana
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: pana
        North Marquesan: pana
        South Marquesan: pana
        Tahitic:
        Maori: whana
        Rarotongan: ʻana
        Tahitian: fana
        Tuamotuan: fana, hana
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Nuguria: hana
        Sikaiana: vvana
        Takuu: vvana
        Tuvaluan: fana
        Futunic:
        Anuta: pana
        Emae: fana
        East Futuna: fana
        Mele-Fila: fana
        Pukapukan: wena
        Tikopia: fana
        Samoic:
        Samoan: fana
        Tokelauan: fana
        Tongic:
        Niuean: fana
        Tongan: fana
        Rotuman: fana
        Western Fijian: vana
      - Micronesian:
        Gilbertese: bana
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Bugotu–Gela:
        Gela: vana
        Malaita–Makira:
        Makira:
        Arosi: hana
        Malaita:
        Kwaio: fana
        Lau: fana
        Sa'a: hana
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Lonwolwol: fεn
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Meso–Melanesian:
        Alu: fana
        Halia: hana, wana
        Petats: hana
        Ririo: van
      - North New Guinea:
        Sobei: -fan
        Tarpia: -pan
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Central Sama: pana'
    - Mapun: pana'
    - Southern Sama: panah
    - Yakan: pana'
  - West Barito:
    - Ngaju: panah
- Land-Dayak:
  - Bau Bidayuh: panah
- North Borneo:
  - Proto-North Sarawak:
    - Lun Bawang: pana’
  - Northeast Sabah:
    - Bonggi: panah
  - Southwest Sabah:
    - Dusunic:
      - Central Dusun: pana
      - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: pana
      - Rungus: pana
    - Murutic:
      - Timugon Murut: panah
    - Paitanic:
      - Tombonuo: pana
- Proto-Philippine: *panaq
- Celebic:
  - Proto-Bungku-Tolaki:
    - Mori Bawah: pana
    - Tolaki: pana
  - Kaili–Pamona:
    - Da'a Kaili: pana
    - Napu: pana
    - Pamona: pana
    - Uma: panah
  - Muna–Buton:
    - Lasalimu: pana
    - Kumbewaha: pana
    - Muna: pana
    - Tukang Besi South: pana
  - Saluan–Banggai:
    - Andio: pana'
    - Balantak: pana'
  - Wotu–Wolio:
    - Wolio: pana
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Karo Batak: panah
  - Nias: fana
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
    - Balinese: panah
    - Sasak: panaq
    - Sumbawa: manak
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic: *panah
      - Acehnese: panah
      - Coastal Chamic:
        Haroi: pơnăh
        Cham:
        Western Cham: panâh
        Eastern Cham: ꨚꨗꩍ (panâh)
      - Highlands Chamic:
        Chru–Northern Chamic:
        Chru: pơnah
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: panăh
        Tsat: na⁵⁵
        Bih: panah
        Jarai: pơnah
        Rade: mơnah
    - Proto-Malayic: *panah
      - Iban: panah
      - Malay: panah
        Indonesian: panah
      - Urak Lawoi': ปานัฮ (panah)
  - Sundanese: panah
- Old Javanese: panah
  - Javanese: panah
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Bugis–Tamanic:
    - Buginese: pana
  - Makassaric:
    - Makasar: pana
    - Selayar: pana
  - Northern:
    - Massenrempulu:
      - Duri: pana
    - Pitu Ulunna Salu:
      - Aralle-Tabulahan: pana
    - Toraja:
      - Mamasa: pana
      - Tae': pana
      - Toraja-Sa'dan: pana
  - Seko:
    - Budong-Budong: pana
    - Panasuan: pana
    - Seko Padang: pana
    - Seko Tengah: pana