Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drōbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *drōbuz (“turbid, troubled”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdrɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drōbijaną

1. To trouble, disturb

Inflection

Conjugation of *drōbijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drōbijō	*drōbijaų	—	*drōbijai	?
2nd singular	*drōbīsi	*drōbijais	*drōbī	*drōbijasai	*drōbijaisau
3rd singular	*drōbīþi	*drōbijai	*drōbijaþau	*drōbijaþai	*drōbijaiþau
1st dual	*drōbijōs	*drōbijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drōbijaþiz	*drōbijaiþiz	*drōbijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*drōbijamaz	*drōbijaim	—	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau
2nd plural	*drōbīþ	*drōbijaiþ	*drōbīþ	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau
3rd plural	*drōbijanþi	*drōbijain	*drōbijanþau	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drōbidǭ	*drōbidēdį̄
2nd singular	*drōbidēz	*drōbidēdīz
3rd singular	*drōbidē	*drōbidēdī
1st dual	*drōbidēdū	*drōbidēdīw
2nd dual	*drōbidēdudiz	*drōbidēdīdiz
1st plural	*drōbidēdum	*drōbidēdīm
2nd plural	*drōbidēdud	*drōbidēdīd
3rd plural	*drōbidēdun	*drōbidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*drōbijandz	*drōbidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *drōbijan
  • Old English: drēfan
    • Middle English: dreven
      • English: dreve
  • Old Saxon: drōvian
    • Middle Low German: drôven
      • ⇒ German Low German: indröven
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: bedrōven
        • German Low German: bedröven
          • → Swedish: bedröva
          • → Danish: bedrøve
  • Old Dutch: druoven
    • Middle Dutch: droeven
      • Dutch: droeven
      • Limburgish: dreuve, druueve
  • Old High German: truoben
    • Middle High German: trüeben
      • German: trüben
• Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan)