Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/farjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably the causative-iterative to the lost strong verb *feraną; compare *faraną (“to travel, to go”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*farjaną

1. to take somewhere, to carry, to ferry

Inflection

Conjugation of *farjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*farjō	*farjaų	—	*farjai	?
2nd singular	*farisi	*farjais	*fari	*farjasai	*farjaisau
3rd singular	*fariþi	*farjai	*farjaþau	*farjaþai	*farjaiþau
1st dual	*farjōs	*farjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*farjaþiz	*farjaiþiz	*farjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*farjamaz	*farjaim	—	*farjanþai	*farjainþau
2nd plural	*fariþ	*farjaiþ	*fariþ	*farjanþai	*farjainþau
3rd plural	*farjanþi	*farjain	*farjanþau	*farjanþai	*farjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*faridǭ	*faridēdį̄
2nd singular	*faridēz	*faridēdīz
3rd singular	*faridē	*faridēdī
1st dual	*faridēdū	*faridēdīw
2nd dual	*faridēdudiz	*faridēdīdiz
1st plural	*faridēdum	*faridēdīm
2nd plural	*faridēdud	*faridēdīd
3rd plural	*faridēdun	*faridēdīn
	present	past
participles	*farjandz	*faridaz

Derived terms

• *fariþlą
• *farjǭ

Related terms

• *farō
• *fēriz
• *furdiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *farjan
  • Old English: ferian
    • Middle English: ferien
      • Scots: fery, ferry
      • English: ferry
  • Old Frisian: feria
  • Old Saxon: ferian
    • (Middle Low German: varen)
  • Old Dutch: *ferien
    • Middle Dutch: veren
      • Dutch: veren
  • Old High German: ferian, ferren
    • Middle High German: verren, vern
• Old Norse: ferja (pret. farði, also later ferjaði, which may be a denominal into which this verb merged; descendants all have the latter conjugation)
  • Icelandic: ferja
  • Faroese: ferja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ferja
  • Swedish: färja
  • Danish: færge
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan)