Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fleuhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-, enlargement of *plew- (“flow”), assuming that the þ- in Gothic 𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þliuhan) was secondary (with sound change *fl- > þl-). Kroonen instead believes that the Gothic þ- was primary; if that was the case *fleuganą would have influenced its replacement by f- elsewhere in Germanic. He assigns no etymology.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸleu̯.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fleuhaną

1. to flee
2. to escape

Inflection

Conjugation of *fleuhaną (strong class 2)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fleuhō	*fleuhaų	—		*fleuhai	?
2nd singular	*fliuhizi	*fleuhaiz	*fleuh		*fleuhazai	*fleuhaizau
3rd singular	*fliuhidi	*fleuhai	*fleuhadau		*fleuhadai	*fleuhaidau
1st dual	*fleuhōz	*fleuhaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*fleuhadiz	*fleuhaidiz	*fleuhadiz		—	—
1st plural	*fleuhamaz	*fleuhaim	—		*fleuhandai	*fleuhaindau
2nd plural	*fliuhid	*fleuhaid	*fliuhid		*fleuhandai	*fleuhaindau
3rd plural	*fleuhandi	*fleuhain	*fleuhandau		*fleuhandai	*fleuhaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flauh	*flugį̄
2nd singular	*flauht	*flugīz
3rd singular	*flauh	*flugī
1st dual	*flugū	*flugīw
2nd dual	*flugudiz	*flugīdiz
1st plural	*flugum	*flugīm
2nd plural	*flugud	*flugīd
3rd plural	*flugun	*flugīn
	present	past
participles	*fleuhandz	*fluganaz

Note: The past non-singular forms are identical with those of *fleuganą.

Derived terms

• *flaumaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fleuhan
  • Old English: flēon
    • Middle English: flen, fleon
      • English: flee
      • Scots: flee
  • Old Frisian: fliā
  • Old Saxon: fliohan
  • Old Dutch: flian
    • Middle Dutch: vlien
      • Dutch: vlieden
        • Afrikaans: vlied
  • Old High German: fliohan
    • Middle High German: vliehen
      • Alemannic German: flie
      • German: fliehen
• Old Norse: flýja
  • Icelandic: flýja
  • Faroese: flýggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fly
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fly
  • Elfdalian: fly
  • Old Swedish: flȳia, flȳa
    • Swedish: fly
  • Scanian: flý
  • Old Danish: flȳ
    • Danish: fly
  • Gutnish: flöi
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þliuhan)