Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraetaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *fra- +‎ *etaną.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈe.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*fraetaną

to devour, eat up, consume

Inflection edit

As *etaną.

Conjugation of *fraetaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fraetō	*fraetaų	—	*fraetai	?
2nd singular	*fraitizi	*fraetaiz	*fraet	*fraetazai	*fraetaizau
3rd singular	*fraitidi	*fraetai	*fraetadau	*fraetadai	*fraetaidau
1st dual	*fraetōz	*fraetaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fraetadiz	*fraetaidiz	*fraetadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fraetamaz	*fraetaim	—	*fraetandai	*fraetaindau
2nd plural	*fraitid	*fraetaid	*fraitid	*fraetandai	*fraetaindau
3rd plural	*fraetandi	*fraetain	*fraetandau	*fraetandai	*fraetaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fraēt	*fraētį̄
2nd singular	*fraēst	*fraētīz
3rd singular	*fraēt	*fraētī
1st dual	*fraētū	*fraētīw
2nd dual	*fraētudiz	*fraētīdiz
1st plural	*fraētum	*fraētīm
2nd plural	*fraētud	*fraētīd
3rd plural	*fraētun	*fraētīn

	present	past
participles	*fraetandz	*fraetanaz

The vowel of the prefix eventually contracted with the initial vowel of the stem, creating the later variant forms *fraitaną (the disyllabic ae collapsing into a diphthong) and *fretaną:

Conjugation of *fraitaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fraitō	*fraitaų	—	*fraitai	?
2nd singular	*fraitizi	*fraitaiz	*frait	*fraitazai	*fraitaizau
3rd singular	*fraitidi	*fraitai	*fraitadau	*fraitadai	*fraitaidau
1st dual	*fraitōz	*fraitaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fraitadiz	*fraitaidiz	*fraitadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fraitamaz	*fraitaim	—	*fraitandai	*fraitaindau
2nd plural	*fraitid	*fraitaid	*fraitid	*fraitandai	*fraitaindau
3rd plural	*fraitandi	*fraitain	*fraitandau	*fraitandai	*fraitaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frēt	*frētį̄
2nd singular	*frēst	*frētīz
3rd singular	*frēt	*frētī
1st dual	*frētū	*frētīw
2nd dual	*frētudiz	*frētīdiz
1st plural	*frētum	*frētīm
2nd plural	*frētud	*frētīd
3rd plural	*frētun	*frētīn

	present	past
participles	*fraitandz	*fraitanaz

Conjugation of *fretaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fretō	*fretaų	—	*fretai	?
2nd singular	*fritizi	*fretaiz	*fret	*fretazai	*fretaizau
3rd singular	*fritidi	*fretai	*fretadau	*fretadai	*fretaidau
1st dual	*fretōz	*fretaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fretadiz	*fretaidiz	*fretadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fretamaz	*fretaim	—	*fretandai	*fretaindau
2nd plural	*fritid	*fretaid	*fritid	*fretandai	*fretaindau
3rd plural	*fretandi	*fretain	*fretandau	*fretandai	*fretaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frēt	*frētį̄
2nd singular	*frēst	*frētīz
3rd singular	*frēt	*frētī
1st dual	*frētū	*frētīw
2nd dual	*frētudiz	*frētīdiz
1st plural	*frētum	*frētīm
2nd plural	*frētud	*frētīd
3rd plural	*frētun	*frētīn

	present	past
participles	*fretandz	*fretanaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *fraetan
- Old English: fretan
  - Middle English: freten, ffrete, frete, fretyn, vreten; freoten
    - English: fret
    - Scots: frete, freet
- Old Frisian: freta
  - Saterland Frisian: freete
  - West Frisian: frette
- Old Saxon: fretan
  - Middle Low German: vrēten
    - German Low German: freten, friätten
    - → Swedish: fräta
- Old Dutch: *fretan
  - Middle Dutch: vrēten
    - Dutch: vreten
      - Afrikaans: vreet
    - Limburgish: vraete
- Old High German: frezzan, firezzan
  - Middle High German: vrezzen
    - Cimbrian: vrèssan, brèssan, vrèzzan
    - German: fressen
      - → English: fress (or from Yiddish)
      - → Polish: frasować
    - Luxembourgish: friessen
    - Vilamovian: fraosa
    - Yiddish: פֿרעסן (fresn)
      - → English: fress (or from German)
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan)