Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawerþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *fra- +‎ *werþaną.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˌɸrɑˈwer.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*frawerþaną

to perish

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *frawerþaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*frawerþō	*frawerþaų	—	*frawerþai	?
2nd singular	*frawirþizi	*frawerþaiz	*frawerþ	*frawerþazai	*frawerþaizau
3rd singular	*frawirþidi	*frawerþai	*frawerþadau	*frawerþadai	*frawerþaidau
1st dual	*frawerþōz	*frawerþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*frawerþadiz	*frawerþaidiz	*frawerþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*frawerþamaz	*frawerþaim	—	*frawerþandai	*frawerþaindau
2nd plural	*frawirþid	*frawerþaid	*frawirþid	*frawerþandai	*frawerþaindau
3rd plural	*frawerþandi	*frawerþain	*frawerþandau	*frawerþandai	*frawerþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frawarþ	*frawurdį̄
2nd singular	*frawarst	*frawurdīz
3rd singular	*frawarþ	*frawurdī
1st dual	*frawurdū	*frawurdīw
2nd dual	*frawurdudiz	*frawurdīdiz
1st plural	*frawurdum	*frawurdīm
2nd plural	*frawurdud	*frawurdīd
3rd plural	*frawurdun	*frawurdīn

	present	past
participles	*frawerþandz	*frawurdanaz

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *frawerþan
- Old English: forweorþan
  - Middle English: forworthen
    - Scots: forworth
    - English: forworth
- Old Frisian: urwertha
- Old Saxon: farwerthan
- Old Dutch: *farwerthan
  - Middle Dutch: verwerden
    - Dutch: verworden
- Old High German: firwerdan
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽 (frawairþan)