Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gellaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gellaną^[1]^[2]

to shout, to yell

Inflection

Conjugation of *gellaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gellō	*gellaų	—	*gellai	?
2nd singular	*gillizi	*gellaiz	*gell	*gellazai	*gellaizau
3rd singular	*gillidi	*gellai	*gelladau	*gelladai	*gellaidau
1st dual	*gellōz	*gellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gelladiz	*gellaidiz	*gelladiz	—	—
1st plural	*gellamaz	*gellaim	—	*gellandai	*gellaindau
2nd plural	*gillid	*gellaid	*gillid	*gellandai	*gellaindau
3rd plural	*gellandi	*gellain	*gellandau	*gellandai	*gellaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gall	*gullį̄
2nd singular	*gallt	*gullīz
3rd singular	*gall	*gullī
1st dual	*gullū	*gullīw
2nd dual	*gulludiz	*gullīdiz
1st plural	*gullum	*gullīm
2nd plural	*gullud	*gullīd
3rd plural	*gullun	*gullīn

	present	past
participles	*gellandz	*gullanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: ġiellan
- Middle English: yellen
  - English: yell
Old Saxon: *gellan
- Middle Low German: gellen
  - German Low German: gielen
Old Dutch: *gellan
- Middle Dutch: gellen
  - Dutch: gillen
    - Afrikaans: gil
Old High German: gellan
- Middle High German: gellen
  - German: gellen
Old Norse: gella, gjalla
- Old Danish: gællæ, *giallæ
  - Danish: gjalde
- Faroese: gjalla
- Icelandic: gella, gjalla
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjalle
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gjalla, gjella
- Old Swedish: gælla
  - Swedish: gälla, (verbal noun) gäll

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gellan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gellan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

[1]

[2]