Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrémne- or *gʰrénme-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to be angry”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, growl, murmur”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grimmaną

1. to rage, roar, be angry

Inflection

Conjugation of *grimmaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grimmō	*grimmaų	—	*grimmai	?
2nd singular	*grimmizi	*grimmaiz	*grimm	*grimmazai	*grimmaizau
3rd singular	*grimmidi	*grimmai	*grimmadau	*grimmadai	*grimmaidau
1st dual	*grimmōz	*grimmaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grimmadiz	*grimmaidiz	*grimmadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grimmamaz	*grimmaim	—	*grimmandai	*grimmaindau
2nd plural	*grimmid	*grimmaid	*grimmid	*grimmandai	*grimmaindau
3rd plural	*grimmandi	*grimmain	*grimmandau	*grimmandai	*grimmaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gramm	*grummį̄
2nd singular	*grammt	*grummīz
3rd singular	*gramm	*grummī
1st dual	*grummū	*grummīw
2nd dual	*grummudiz	*grummīdiz
1st plural	*grummum	*grummīm
2nd plural	*grummud	*grummīd
3rd plural	*grummun	*grummīn
	present	past
participles	*grimmandz	*grummanaz

Derived terms

• *gramaz
• *gramjaną
• *grimmaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grimman
  • Old English: grimman
  • Old Saxon: grimman
  • Old Dutch: *grimman
    • Middle Dutch: grimmen
  • Old High German: *grimman
    • Middle High German: grimmen
• Old Norse: grimma (Only attested in the passive grimmask)
  • Icelandic: grimma