Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunnatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grunnōną +‎ *-atjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder”) or *gʰrun- (“to shout”), both likely imitative.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrun.nɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grunnatjaną

1. To grunt.

Inflection

Conjugation of *grunnatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grunnatjō	*grunnatjaų	—	*grunnatjai	?
2nd singular	*grunnatisi	*grunnatjais	*grunnati	*grunnatjasai	*grunnatjaisau
3rd singular	*grunnatiþi	*grunnatjai	*grunnatjaþau	*grunnatjaþai	*grunnatjaiþau
1st dual	*grunnatjōs	*grunnatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grunnatjaþiz	*grunnatjaiþiz	*grunnatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grunnatjamaz	*grunnatjaim	—	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau
2nd plural	*grunnatiþ	*grunnatjaiþ	*grunnatiþ	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau
3rd plural	*grunnatjanþi	*grunnatjain	*grunnatjanþau	*grunnatjanþai	*grunnatjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grunnastǭ	*grunnastēdį̄
2nd singular	*grunnastēz	*grunnastēdīz
3rd singular	*grunnastē	*grunnastēdī
1st dual	*grunnastēdū	*grunnastēdīw
2nd dual	*grunnastēdudiz	*grunnastēdīdiz
1st plural	*grunnastēdum	*grunnastēdīm
2nd plural	*grunnastēdud	*grunnastēdīd
3rd plural	*grunnastēdun	*grunnastēdīn
	present	past
participles	*grunnatjandz	*grunnatidaz

Related terms

• *grunnitjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grunnattjan
  • Old English: grunnettan
    • Middle English: grunten, gronte, gronten, grunt, grunte, grunton
      • English: grunt
      • Scots: grunt
  • Old High German: grunnezzen, grunzen
    • Middle High German: grunzen
      • German: grunzen
      • Luxembourgish: grunzen
    • → Middle Low German: grunsen, grünsen