Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gurdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *gʰr̥dʰye/o-, from the root of *gerdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-.

Verb

*gurdijaną

1. to gird

Inflection

Conjugation of *gurdijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gurdijō	*gurdijaų	—	*gurdijai	?
2nd singular	*gurdīsi	*gurdijais	*gurdī	*gurdijasai	*gurdijaisau
3rd singular	*gurdīþi	*gurdijai	*gurdijaþau	*gurdijaþai	*gurdijaiþau
1st dual	*gurdijōs	*gurdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gurdijaþiz	*gurdijaiþiz	*gurdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gurdijamaz	*gurdijaim	—	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau
2nd plural	*gurdīþ	*gurdijaiþ	*gurdīþ	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau
3rd plural	*gurdijanþi	*gurdijain	*gurdijanþau	*gurdijanþai	*gurdijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gurdidǭ	*gurdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gurdidēz	*gurdidēdīz
3rd singular	*gurdidē	*gurdidēdī
1st dual	*gurdidēdū	*gurdidēdīw
2nd dual	*gurdidēdudiz	*gurdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gurdidēdum	*gurdidēdīm
2nd plural	*gurdidēdud	*gurdidēdīd
3rd plural	*gurdidēdun	*gurdidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gurdijandz	*gurdidaz

Related terms

• *gardaz
• *gerdaną
• *gurdilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gurdijan
  • Old English: gyrdan, girdan
    • Middle English: gurden, gyrden, girden
      • English: gird
      • Scots: gyrd, gird
  • Old Frisian: *gerda, *gurdia
    • West Frisian: gurdzja
  • Old Saxon: gurdian, gurdan
    • Middle Low German: gorden
      • Low German: gorren
  • Old Dutch: gurden
    • Middle Dutch: gorden
      • Dutch: gorden
  • Old High German: gurten
    • Middle High German: gurten, gürten
      • German: gürten
• Old Norse: gyrða
  • Faroese: gyrða
  • Norwegian: gyrda, gjorda, gjurda (jula)
    • → Danish: jule
      • Norwegian Bokmål: jule
  • Old Swedish: giurþa, giorþa
    • Swedish: gjorda (obsolete)
  • Danish: gjorde