Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hazjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₁s-ié, derived from *ḱeh₁s- (“to call, to command, to instruct”). Related to Sanskrit शस्ति (śasti, “praise, command”), Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬎 (sāstu, “to teach”) and Old Armenian սաստ (sast, “scolding, rebuke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑz.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hazjaną

1. to call, shout
2. to praise

Inflection

Conjugation of *hazjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hazjō	*hazjaų	—	*hazjai	?
2nd singular	*hazisi	*hazjais	*hazi	*hazjasai	*hazjaisau
3rd singular	*haziþi	*hazjai	*hazjaþau	*hazjaþai	*hazjaiþau
1st dual	*hazjōs	*hazjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hazjaþiz	*hazjaiþiz	*hazjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hazjamaz	*hazjaim	—	*hazjanþai	*hazjainþau
2nd plural	*haziþ	*hazjaiþ	*haziþ	*hazjanþai	*hazjainþau
3rd plural	*hazjanþi	*hazjain	*hazjanþau	*hazjanþai	*hazjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hazidǭ	*hazidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hazidēz	*hazidēdīz
3rd singular	*hazidē	*hazidēdī
1st dual	*hazidēdū	*hazidēdīw
2nd dual	*hazidēdudiz	*hazidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hazidēdum	*hazidēdīm
2nd plural	*hazidēdud	*hazidēdīd
3rd plural	*hazidēdun	*hazidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hazjandz	*hazidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haʀjan
  • Old English: herian
    • Middle English: herien, heryen
      • English: herry
      • ⇒ Middle English: hersen
  • Old English: hyrian
  • Old Saxon: *herian
    • Middle Low German: hēren
  • Old High German: heren
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hazjan)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hazeins)