Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneyd-, from *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxniː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnītaną

1. to push; knock; butt against

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnītaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnītō	*hnītaų	—	*hnītai	?
2nd singular	*hnītizi	*hnītaiz	*hnīt	*hnītazai	*hnītaizau
3rd singular	*hnītidi	*hnītai	*hnītadau	*hnītadai	*hnītaidau
1st dual	*hnītōz	*hnītaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnītadiz	*hnītaidiz	*hnītadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnītamaz	*hnītaim	—	*hnītandai	*hnītaindau
2nd plural	*hnītid	*hnītaid	*hnītid	*hnītandai	*hnītaindau
3rd plural	*hnītandi	*hnītain	*hnītandau	*hnītandai	*hnītaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnait	*hnitį̄
2nd singular	*hnaist	*hnitīz
3rd singular	*hnait	*hnitī
1st dual	*hnitū	*hnitīw
2nd dual	*hnitudiz	*hnitīdiz
1st plural	*hnitum	*hnitīm
2nd plural	*hnitud	*hnitīd
3rd plural	*hnitun	*hnitīn
	present	past
participles	*hnītandz	*hnitanaz

Derived terms

• *hnaitijaną
• *hnitulaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hnītan
  • Old English: hnītan
    • Middle English: *niten, *nyten
      • Scots: noit, knoit, note
        • → English: note
  • Old Frisian: *hnīta
    • ⇒ West Frisian: nytsje
  • Old Saxon: *hnītan
    • Middle Low German: nîten
      • German Low German: nieten
      • → German: nieten
    • → Danish: nitte
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: ofhnītan
  • Old Dutch: *nītan
    • Middle Dutch: *niten
      • Dutch: nijten (dialectal)
• Old Norse: hníta
  • Icelandic: hníta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: nita, nite
  • Swedish: nita