Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnudōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-, from *knu-, *knew- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnu.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnudōną

To pound; hammer; rivet

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnudōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnudō	*hnudǭ	—	*hnudōi	?
2nd singular	*hnudōsi	*hnudōs	*hnudō	*hnudōsai	*hnudōsau
3rd singular	*hnudōþi	*hnudō	*hnudōþau	*hnudōþai	*hnudōþau
1st dual	*hnudōs	*hnudōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnudōþiz	*hnudōþiz	*hnudōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnudōmaz	*hnudōm	—	*hnudōnþai	*hnudōnþau
2nd plural	*hnudōþ	*hnudōþ	*hnudōþ	*hnudōnþai	*hnudōnþau
3rd plural	*hnudōnþi	*hnudōn	*hnudōnþau	*hnudōnþai	*hnudōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnudōdǭ	*hnudōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnudōdēz	*hnudōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnudōdē	*hnudōdēdī
1st dual	*hnudōdēdū	*hnudōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnudōdēdudiz	*hnudōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnudōdēdum	*hnudōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnudōdēdud	*hnudōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnudōdēdun	*hnudōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnudōndz	*hnudōdaz

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: *hnodian
- Middle English: nodden
  - Scots: nod
  - English: nod
Old High German: hnotōn
- Middle High German: notten